Toner, developer, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge
Provided is a toner including a crystalline resin and a non-crystalline resin. In a reflected electron image of a cross-section of the toner stained by ruthenium tetroxide captured by a scanning electron microscope, the ratio of regions stained by ruthenium tetroxide is from 50 area % to 80 area %. In a reflected electron image of the surface of the toner stained by ruthenium tetroxide captured by a scanning electron microscope, the ratio of regions stained by ruthenium tetroxide is from 10 area % to 40 area %.
1. A toner, comprising:
a crystalline resin; and
a non-crystalline resin,
wherein in a reflected electron image, captured by a scanning electron microscope, of a cross-section of the toner stained by ruthenium tetroxide, a ratio of regions stained by the ruthenium tetroxide is from 50 area % to 80 area %, and
wherein in a reflected electron image, captured by a scanning electron microscope, of a surface of the toner stained by ruthenium tetroxide, a ratio of regions stained by the ruthenium tetroxide is from 10 area % to 40 area %.
2. The toner according to claim 1 ,
wherein in the reflected electron image of the surface, the ratio of regions stained by the ruthenium tetroxide is from 20 area % to 30 area %.
3. The toner according to claim 1 ,
wherein a ratio of a detected intensity of secondary ions derived from the crystalline resin to a detected intensity of secondary ions derived from the non-crystalline resin is 0.10 or less, where the intensities are measured by time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy.
4. The toner according to claim 1 ,
wherein the crystalline resin is a crystalline urethane-modified polyester.
5. A developer, comprising:
the toner according to claim 1 .
6. An image forming apparatus, comprising:
a photoconductor;
a charging unit configured to electrically charge the photoconductor;
an exposure unit configured to expose the electrically charged photoconductor to form an electrostatic latent image thereon;
a developing unit containing a developer and configured to develop the electrostatic latent image formed on the photoconductor with the developer to form a toner image;
a transfer unit configured to transfer the toner image formed on the photoconductor to a recording medium; and
a fixing unit configured to fix the toner image transferred to the recording medium,
wherein the developer is the developer according to claim 5 .
7. A process cartridge, comprising:
a photoconductor; and
a developing unit containing a developer and configured to develop an electrostatic latent image formed on the photoconductor with the developer to form a toner image,
wherein the process cartridge is attachable to and detachable from a body of an image forming apparatus, and
wherein the developer is the developer according to claim 5 .