Methods for making and using antimicrobial peptides
Provided herein are genetically modified microbes. In one embodiment, a genetically modified microbe includes an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a pheromone-responsive region. In one embodiment, the pheromone-responsive region is derived from a conjugative plasmid from a member of the genus Enterococcus spp. The pheromone-responsive region includes a pheromone-responsive promoter and an operably linked coding region encoding an antimicrobial peptide. In one embodiment, a genetically modified microbe includes an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a promoter and an operably linked coding sequence encoding an antimicrobial peptide, where expression of the coding region is controlled by a modulator polypeptide and is altered by a modulating agent, and where the coding region encodes an antimicrobial peptide. Also provided herein are methods of using the genetically modified microbes, including methods for inhibiting growth of an Enterococcus spp., a pathogenic E. coli , or a pathogenic Salmonella spp., for treating a subject, and for modifying a subject's gastrointestinal microflora.
1. A genetically modified microbe comprising:
an exogenous polynucleotide comprising an Enterococcal conjugative plasmid pheromone-responsive region,
wherein the Enterococcal conjugative plasmid pheromone-responsive region comprises a pheromone-responsive promoter,
wherein a coding region encoding an antimicrobial peptide is operably linked to the pheromone-responsive promoter,
wherein expression of the operably linked coding region encoding the antimicrobial peptide is repressed by a modulator polypeptide bound to the pheromone-responsive promoter and preventing expression of the operably linked coding region encoding the antimicrobial peptide, and the operably linked coding region encoding the antimicrobial peptide is induced in the presence of a modulating agent that binds the modulator polypeptide, and
wherein the microbe is a lactic acid bacteria, a member of the family Clostridiaceae, a member of the family Bifidobacteriaceae, or an Enterobacteria.
2. The genetically modified microbe of claim 1 wherein the pheromone-responsive region comprises a nucleotide sequence that comprises nucleotides 1-1640 of SEQ ID NO:1, comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:6, or comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:7.
3. The genetically modified microbe of claim 2 wherein the complement of nucleotides 79-1027 of SEQ ID NO:1 encode a polypeptide that comprises SEQ ID NO:3, wherein the complement of nucleotides 6-968 of SEQ ID NO:5 encode a polypeptide that comprises SEQ ID NO:53, wherein the complement of nucleotides 10-969 of SEQ ID NO:6 encode a polypeptide that comprises SEQ ID NO:54, wherein the complement of nucleotides 1-1014 of SEQ ID NO:7 encode a polypeptide that comprises SEQ ID NO:55, or a combination thereof.
4. The genetically modified microbe of claim 2 wherein the pheromone-responsive region comprises the nucleotide sequence that comprises nucleotides 1-1640 of SEQ ID NO:1 and a coding region at nucleotides 1236-1305 encoding an inactive polypeptide.
5. The genetically modified microbe of claim 1 wherein the genetically modified microbe further comprises a coding region encoding a pheromone binding polypeptide that comprises SEQ ID NO:4.
6. The genetically modified microbe of claim 1 wherein the polynucleotide comprising the pheromone-responsive region is present on a vector that replicates independently of the chromosome of the genetically modified microbe.
7. The genetically modified microbe of claim 1 wherein the antimicrobial peptide is selected from Enterocin A, Enterocin P, Hiracin, and Protegrin.
8. The genetically modified microbe of claim 7 wherein the genetically modified microbe comprises at least 2 coding regions encoding antimicrobial peptides, wherein each coding region is operably linked to the pheromone-responsive promoter.
9. The genetically modified microbe of claim 7 wherein the genetically modified microbe comprises at least 3 coding regions encoding antimicrobial peptides, wherein each coding region is operably linked to the pheromone-responsive promoter.
10. The genetically modified microbe of claim 1 wherein the genetically modified microbe is a lactic acid bacterium.
11. The genetically modified microbe of claim 1 wherein the modulating agent is selected from ALFSLVLAG (SEQ ID NO:33), LVTLVFV (SEQ ID NO:32), FLVMFLSG (SEQ ID NO:34), and AIFILAS (SEQ ID NO:35).
12. A method for inhibiting growth of an Enterococcus spp., the method comprising:
combining a first composition comprising a genetically modified microbe of claim 1 with a second composition comprising the Enterococcus spp. to form a mixture; and
incubating the mixture under conditions suitable for replication of the genetically modified microbe, wherein the genetically modified microbe expresses the antimicrobial peptide when it senses the presence of the Enterococcus spp. and the antimicrobial peptide inhibits growth of the Enterococcus spp.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the combining comprises administering the first composition to a subject, and the second composition comprises the gastrointestinal tract of the subject.
14. A method for modifying a subject's gastrointestinal microflora, the method comprising:
administering to the subject a composition comprising the genetically modified microbe of claim 1 .