Optical security component with a reflective effect, production of such a component and secure document provided with such a component

1. An optical security component designed to be observed in a spectral observation band of between 380 nm and 780 nm by direct reflection, comprising an observation face and identifiable information, said component successively comprising, starting from the side opposite the observation face:

a first support layer;

identification elements obtained by printing an absorbent material in at least part of the visible spectrum, with a low refractive index, to reproduce at least part of said identifiable information, at least part of the identification elements being structured on one of their faces opposite the face across from the support layer, to form a first subwavelength grating;

a second layer, with a high refractive index, covering the first support layer and the identification elements;

a third layer, with a low refractive index, transparent in the observation spectral band of the component, in contact with said second layer such that the first grating formed on each identification element acts at order zero as a wavelength subtractive filter, said third layer being structured on all of its face opposite its face in contact with said second layer to form a second subwavelength grating,

a fourth layer, with a high refractive index, in contact with said structured face of the third layer,

a fifth layer, with a low refractive index, transparent in the spectral observation band of the component, in contact with said fourth layer, such that the second grating acts at the zero order as a wavelength subtractive filter over the entire surface of the component.

2. The optical security component according to claim 1 , further comprising a transparent protective layer on the side of the observation face.

3. The optical security component according to claim 2 , suitable for producing a security thread.

4. The optical security component according to claim 1 , wherein the identification elements are formed by printing and molding a UV cross-linkable material.

5. The optical security component according to claim 4 wherein at least a first part of the identification elements is formed by printing an absorbent material with a first color and at least a second part of the identification elements is formed by printing an absorbent material with a second color.

6. The optical security component according to claim 4 , further comprising a reflective layer arranged between the support layer and the second layer with a high refractive index.

7. The optical security component according to claim 4 , further comprising a transparent protective layer on the side of the observation face.

8. The optical security component according to claim 1 , wherein at least a first part of the identification elements is formed by printing an absorbent material with a first color and at least a second part of the identification elements is formed by printing an absorbent material with a second color.

9. The optical security component according to claim 8 , further comprising a reflective layer arranged between the support layer and the second layer with a high refractive index.

10. The optical security component according to claim 8 , further comprising a transparent protective layer on the side of the observation face.

11. The optical security component according to claim 1 , further comprising a reflective layer arranged between the support layer and the second layer with a high refractive index.

12. The optical security component according to claim 11 , further comprising a transparent protective layer on the side of the observation face.

13. The optical component according to claim 11 , wherein the reflective layer is discontinuous, in contact with the support layer and the identification elements only.

14. The optical security component according to claim 13 , further comprising a transparent protective layer on the side of the observation face.

15. The optical component according to claim 11 , wherein the reflective layer is continuous, in contact with the entire support layer.

16. The optical security component according to claim 15 , further comprising a transparent protective layer on the side of the observation face.

17. A method for manufacturing an optical security component, comprising:

manufacturing a first film comprising the formation, on a first transparent support layer, of identification elements obtained by printing an absorbent material in at least part of the visible spectrum, with a low refractive index, to reproduce identifiable information, structuring at least part of the identification elements to form the first grating, and depositing a layer with a high refractive index on the identification elements and the first support layer;

manufacturing a second film comprising the depositing, on a second transparent support layer, of a transparent layer with a low refractive index, structuring the layer with a low refractive index over its entire surface to form the second grating, and depositing a layer with a high refractive index on said layer with a low refractive index;

depositing, on one and/or the other of the two films, a transparent interface layer, with a low refractive index, in contact with the layer with a high refractive index; and

assembling two films using said interface layer(s).

18. The manufacturing method according to claim 17 , comprising depositing a reflective layer on the first support layer, before printing the identification elements.

19. The manufacturing method according to claim 18 , comprising the selective removal of the reflective layer to form a discontinuous reflective layer, the identification elements forming a demetallization mask to limit the contact of the reflective layer with the identification elements only.

20. A method for manufacturing an optical security component, comprising:

forming, on a first transparent support layer, identification elements obtained by printing an absorbent material in at least part of the visible spectrum, with a low refractive index, to reproduce identifiable information and structuring at least part of said elements to form the first grating,

depositing a layer with a high refractive index on the identification elements and the first support layer,

depositing a transparent layer with a low refractive index, and structuring said layer with a low refractive index over its entire surface to form the second grating,

depositing a layer with a high refractive index on the structured layer with a low refractive index,

depositing a layer with a low refractive index on the layer with a high refractive index.