Peyer's patch activator
The present invention provides a Peyer's patch activator containing a polysaccharide obtained from sugar cane as an active ingredient, wherein the polysaccharide contains α-glucan as a main component and has a peak molecular weight within a range of 720,000 to 1,080,000, with a proportion of glucose in all component sugars being 80% or more, and proportions of nonreducing terminal glucose and α-1,6-linked glucose being 20 to 30% and 15 to 25%, respectively.
1. A Peyer's patch activator, comprising a polysaccharide fraction obtained from sugar cane as an active ingredient,
wherein the polysaccharide fraction comprises α-glucan or heteroglycan as a main component, and
the polysaccharide fraction is obtained by ethanol-precipitating a raw material selected from a sugar cane extract and a molasses derived from sugar cane, and removing low-molecular-weight substances from the obtained precipitate by dialysis or a membrane process.
2. The Peyer's patch activator according to claim 1 , wherein the raw material is the sugar cane extract.
3. The Peyer's patch activator according to claim 1 , wherein
the polysaccharide fraction comprising the heteroglycan as the main component,
the polysaccharide fraction has peak molecular weights within a range of 38,400 to 57,600 and within a range of 664,000 to 996,000,
a proportion of glucose in all component sugars in the polysaccharide fraction is 30 to 50%,
a proportion of arabinose in all component sugars in the polysaccharide fraction is 20 to 30%, and
a proportion of nonreducing terminal arabinose is 20 to 30%.
4. The Peyer's patch activator according to claim 3 ,
wherein the raw material is an extract derived from sugar cane, and
the extract is a fraction which absorbs light at a wavelength of 420 nm and from which sucrose, glucose, and fructose are excluded, among a large number of fractions obtained by passing a sugar cane extract or a molasses derived from sugar cane through a column filled with a cation exchange resin as a carrier and performing fractionation by a difference in affinity between the cation exchange resin and each component using water as an eluent.
5. The Peyer's patch activator according to claim 3 ,
wherein the polysaccharide fraction is a fraction obtained by passing the ethanol-precipitated fraction through a column filled with an anion exchange resin as a carrier, and eluting components adsorbed on the anion exchange resin with an elution solvent having a high ionic strength.
6. The Peyer's patch activator according to claim 3 , wherein the polysaccharide fraction consists of:
a fraction other than a fraction in an amount corresponding to void volume of first outflow resulting from passing the ethanol-precipitated fraction through a column filled with an anion exchange resin equilibrated with water as a carrier, eluting components adsorbed on the anion exchange resin with 100 mM NH 4 HCO 3 and subsequently with 300 mM NH 4 HCO 3 to obtain eluted fractions, and further passing the obtained eluted fractions through a gel filtration column having a molecular cutoff of 1×10 4 to 1×10 6 Da; and
a fraction in an amount corresponding to void volume of first outflow resulting from passing the ethanol-precipitated fraction through a column filled with an anion exchange resin equilibrated with water as a carrier, eluting components adsorbed on the anion exchange resin with 300 mM NH 4 HCO 3 and subsequently with 1.8 M NH 4 HCO 3 to obtain eluted fractions, and further passing the obtained eluted fractions through a gel filtration column having a molecular cutoff of 2×10 3 to 4×10 5 Da.
7. A Peyer's patch activator, comprising a polysaccharide fraction obtained from sugar cane as an active ingredient,
wherein the polysaccharide fraction comprises α-glucan as a main component,
the polysaccharide fraction has a peak molecular weight within a range of 720,000 to 1,080,000,
a proportion of glucose in all component sugars in the polysaccharide fraction is 80% or more,
a proportion of nonreducing terminal glucose in the polysaccharide fraction is 20 to 30%,
a proportion of α-1,6-linked glucose in the polysaccharide fraction is 15 to 25%, and
the polysaccharide fraction is obtained from an ethanol-precipitated fraction obtained by
(i) ethanol-precipitating at least one raw material selected from a sugar cane extract and a molasses derived from sugar cane, and
(ii) removing low-molecular-weight substances from the obtained precipitate by dialysis or a membrane process.
8. The Peyer's patch activator according to claim 7 ,
wherein the raw material is an extract derived from sugar cane, and
the extract is a fraction which absorbs light at a wavelength of 420 nm and from which sucrose, glucose, and fructose are excluded, among a large number of fractions obtained by passing a sugar cane extract or a molasses derived from sugar cane through a column filled with a cation exchange resin as a carrier and performing fractionation by a difference in affinity between the cation exchange resin and each component using water as an eluent.
9. The Peyer's patch activator according to claim 7 ,
wherein the polysaccharide fraction is a fraction obtained by passing the ethanol-precipitated fraction through a column filled with an anion exchange resin as a carrier, eluting components adsorbed on the anion exchange resin with an elution solvent having a low ionic strength to obtain eluted fractions, and further gel-filtering the obtained eluted fractions.
10. The Peyer's patch activator according to claim 7 ,
wherein the polysaccharide fraction is a fraction in an amount corresponding to void volume of first outflow resulting from passing the ethanol-precipitated fraction through a column filled with an anion exchange resin equilibrated with water as a carrier, eluting components adsorbed on the anion exchange resin with 100 mM NH 4 HCO 3 to obtain eluted fractions, and further passing the obtained eluted fractions through a gel filtration column having a molecular cutoff of 2×10 3 to 4×10 5 Da.
11. The Peyer's patch activator according to claim 7 ,
wherein the activator is an intestinal immune enhancer.
12. The Peyer's patch activator according to claim 7 ,
wherein the activator is a preventive/therapeutic agent for plasmodium infection.
13. A food product comprising the Peyer's patch activator according to claim 7 .
14. An animal food product comprising the Peyer's patch activator according to claim 7 .
15. A medicinal composition comprising the Peyer's patch activator according to claim 7 present in an amount effective to treat a plasmodium infection in a human subject, or in an amount effective to ameliorate or reduce a rate of infection of a plasmodium infection in a human subject.
16. The medicinal composition according to claim 15 ,
wherein the medicinal composition further comprises at least one antimalarial agent selected from the group consisting of quinine, mefloquine, sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine, chloroquine, primaquine, artesunate, artemether, and lumefantrine.
17. The medicinal composition according to claim 16 , wherein the antimalarial agent is artesunate.
18. A method of treating plasmodium infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject the medicinal composition according to claim 15 .