Conditional-reset, multi-bit read-out image sensor
An image sensor architecture with multi-bit sampling is implemented within an image sensor system. A pixel signal produced in response to light incident upon a photosensitive element is converted to a multiple-bit digital value representative of the pixel signal. If the pixel signal exceeds a sampling threshold, the photosensitive element is reset. During an image capture period, digital values associated with pixel signals that exceed a sampling threshold are accumulated into image data.
1. An integrated-circuit image sensor comprising:
a photosensitive element to accumulate charge in response to incident light; and
a read-out circuit to:
determine whether the charge accumulated within the photosensitive element exceeds a first threshold;
convert an analog readout signal representative of the charge accumulated into a multi-bit digital value having a numeric value in proportion to a magnitude of the analog readout signal if the charge accumulated is determined to exceed the first threshold;
reset the photosensitive element to a nominal discharged state in preparation for further charge accumulation if the charge accumulated is determined to exceed the first threshold; and
refrain from generating the multi-bit digital value and from resetting the photosensitive element to the nominal discharged state if the charge accumulated is determined not to exceed the first threshold.
2. The integrated-circuit image sensor of claim 1 wherein the read-out circuit comprises:
a read-out node; and
a control circuit to (i) enable charge in excess of the first threshold to be transferred from the photosensitive element to the read-out node, (ii) sense a charge level of the read-out node after enabling the transfer of charge in excess of the first threshold, (iii) determine, based on the sensed charge level of the read-out node, whether the charge accumulated within the photosensitive element exceeds the first threshold, (iv) enable charge in excess of the nominal discharged state to be transferred from the photosensitive element to the read-out node in response to determining that the charge accumulated within the photosensitive element exceeds the first threshold, and (v) generate the analog readout signal according to a charge level of the read-out node after enabling the charge in excess of the nominal discharged state to be transferred to the read-out node.
3. The integrated-circuit image sensor of claim 2 wherein the control circuit comprises:
a charge-transfer switching element coupled between the photosensitive element and the read-out node; and
switch control circuitry to apply a first control signal to the charge-transfer switching element to enable the charge in excess of the first threshold to be transferred from the photosensitive element to the read-out node and to apply a second control signal to the charge-transfer switching element to enable the charge in excess of the nominal discharged state to be transferred from the photosensitive element to the read-out node.
4. The integrated-circuit image sensor of claim 3 wherein the charge-transfer switching element comprises a control terminal coupled to receive the first and second control signals at respective times and that effects a charge-conducting channel between the photosensitive element and the read-out node having a first electrostatic potential in response to the first control signal and a second electrostatic potential in response to the second control signal, the second electrostatic potential being greater than the first electrostatic potential.
5. The integrated-circuit image sensor of claim 2 wherein the read-out circuit comprises an analog-to-digital converter to generate, as the multi-bit digital value, a digital representation of the analog signal.
6. The integrated-circuit image sensor of claim 5 , and wherein the control circuit comprises reset circuitry to switchably couple the photosensitive element to a reset voltage node after the control circuit determines that the charge accumulated within the photosensitive element exceeds the first threshold and the charge level of the read-out node has been sensed to enable generation of the multi-bit digital value.
7. The integrated-circuit image sensor of claim 1 , wherein the readout circuit comprises: circuitry to (i) transfer the accumulated charge from the photosensitive element to a sense node to enable generation of the analog readout signal representative of the accumulated charge and to (ii) transfer the accumulated charge back to the photosensitive element in response to an indication that the analog readout signal does not exceed the first threshold.
8. The integrated-circuit image sensor of claim 7 wherein the read-out circuit includes a first switching element to switchably couple the sense node to a voltage source node to reset the sense node in response to an indication that the analog readout signal exceeds the first threshold.
9. The integrated-circuit image sensor of claim 7 wherein the read-out circuit comprises a first transistor disposed between the photosensitive element and the sense node and control circuitry to (i) assert a first pulse on a control terminal of the first transistor to transfer the accumulated charge from the photosensitive element to the sense node, and (ii) assert a second pulse on the control terminal of the first transistor to transfer the accumulated charge back to the photosensitive element.
10. The integrated-circuit image sensor of claim 7 wherein the read-out circuit comprises an amplifier capacitively coupled to the sense node, the amplifier to generate, as the analog readout signal representative of the accumulated charge, an amplified representation of a signal, received from the sense node via the capacitive coupling, corresponding to the accumulated charge transferred to the sense node.
11. A method of operation within an integrated-circuit image sensor, the method comprising:
accumulating charge within a photosensitive element in response to incident light; and
determining whether the charge accumulated within the photosensitive element exceeds a first threshold;
converting an analog readout signal representative of the charge accumulated into a multi-bit digital value having a numeric value in proportion to a magnitude of the analog readout signal if the charge accumulated is determined to exceed the first threshold;
resetting the photosensitive element to a nominal discharged state in preparation for further charge accumulation if the charge accumulated is determined to exceed the first threshold; and
refraining from generating the multi-hit digital value and from resetting the photosensitive element to the nominal discharged state if the charge accumulated is determined not to exceed the first threshold.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein determining whether charge accumulated within the photosensitive element exceeds a first threshold comprises:
enabling charge in excess of the first threshold to be transferred from the photosensitive element to a read-out node;
sensing a charge level of the read-out node after enabling the transfer of charge in excess of the first threshold; and
determining, based on the sensed charge level of the read-out node, whether the charge accumulated within the photosensitive element exceeds the first threshold.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein converting the analog readout signal representative of the charge accumulated into a multi-bit digital value if the charge accumulated is determined to exceeds the first threshold comprises enabling charge in excess of the nominal discharged state to be transferred from the photosensitive element to the read-out node.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein converting the analog readout signal representative of the charge accumulated into the multi-bit di vital value if the charge accumulated is determined to exceed the first threshold further comprises, after enabling charge in excess of the nominal discharged state to be transferred to the read-out node, outputting, as the analog readout signal representative of the charge accumulated, a signal corresponding to the charge level of the read-out node to an analog-to-digital converter.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein resetting the photosensitive element to a nominal discharged state in preparation for further charge accumulation if the charge accumulated is determined to exceed the first threshold
comprises switchably coupling the photosensitive element to a reset voltage node after outputting the signal corresponding to the charge level of the read-out node to the analog-to-digital converter.
16. The method of claim 13 wherein enabling charge in excess of the first threshold to be transferred from the photosensitive element to the read-out node comprises applying a first control signal to a charge-transfer switching element coupled between the photosensitive element and the read-out node, and wherein enabling charge in excess of the nominal discharged state to be transferred from the photosensitive element to the read-out node comprises applying a second control signal to the charge-transfer switching element to enable the charge in excess of the nominal discharged state to be transferred from the photosensitive element to the read-out node.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein applying the first and second control signals to the charge-transfer switching element comprises applying the first and second control signals to a control input of the charge-transfer switching element at respective times to effect, between the photosensitive element and the read-out node, a charge-conducting channel having a first electrostatic potential and a second electrostatic potential, respectively, the second electrostatic potential being greater than the first electrostatic potential.
18. The method of claim 11 wherein determining whether the charge accumulated within the photosensitive element exceeds a first threshold comprises transferring the accumulated charge from the photosensitive element to a sense node to enable generation of the analog readout signal representative of the accumulated charge and determining whether the analog readout signal exceeds the first threshold, the method further comprising transferring the accumulated charge back to the photosensitive element in response to a determination that the analog readout signal does not exceed the first threshold.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein transferring the accumulated charge from the photosensitive element to the sense node comprises generating a first pulse on a signal line coupled to a control terminal of a first transistor disposed between the photosensitive element and the sense node, and wherein transferring the accumulated charge back to the photosensitive element comprises generating a second pulse at on the signal line coupled to the control terminal of the first transistor.
20. An integrated-circuit image sensor comprising:
a photosensitive element to accumulate charge in response to incident light; and
means for:
determining whether the charge accumulated within the photosensitive element exceeds a first threshold;
converting an analog readout signal representative of the charge accumulated into a multi-bit digital value having a numeric value in proportion to a magnitude of the analog readout signal if the charge accumulated is determined to exceed the first threshold;
resetting the photosensitive element to a nominal discharged state in preparation for further charge accumulation if the charge accumulated is determined to exceed the first threshold; and
refraining from generating the multi-bit digital value and from resetting the photosensitive element to the nominal discharged state if the charge accumulated is determined not to exceed the first threshold.