Conductive polymer graphene oxide composite materials

1. A composition, comprising:

a support; and

a composite material electrodeposited upon the support, the composite material comprising at least one polymer including contiguous sp 2 carbon centers, the polymer being doped solely with a graphene oxide composition to increase conductivity in the polymer, wherein the graphene oxide composition comprises graphene oxide and at least one agent immobilized upon graphene oxide, the at least one agent being immobilized on the graphene oxide in an arrangement selected from at least one of (i) on the graphene oxide extending from the surface of the composite material or (ii) within the composite material; and wherein the polymer is doped either by (i) electropolymerizing monomers for the polymer in the presence of the graphene oxide wherein the support functions as an electrode during electropolymerization, wherein the at least one agent is immobilized upon the graphene oxide after polymerization or (ii) by electropolymerizing monomers for the polymer in the presence of the graphene oxide composition wherein the support functions as an electrode during electropolymerization.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the at least one agent is immobilized on graphene oxide extending from the surface of the composite material.

3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the at least one agent is chemically bonded to the graphene oxide or adsorbed on the graphene oxide.

4. The composition of claim 3 wherein the at least one agent is covalently bonded or ionically bonded to the graphene oxide.

5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the at least one agent is releasably immobilized within the composite material.

6. The composition of claim 5 wherein the at least one agent may be controllably released from within the composition via application of electrical energy thereto.

7. The composition of claim 2 wherein the at least one agent is an anionic agent, a cationic agent, a zwitterionic agent or a neutral agent.

8. The composition of claim 2 wherein the at least one agent is a biologically active agent.

9. The composition of claim 8 wherein the biologically active agent comprises at least one of a biomolecule or a drug.

10. The composition of claim 8 wherein the biologically active agent comprises an amphetamine, a steroid, an anesthetic, an analgesic, an antacid, an antibiotic, an anticoagulant, an antidepressant, an antidote, an antihistamine, an antiinflammatory, an antimycotic, an anticancer agent, an analgesic agent, an antirejection agent, an antiretroviral, an antiviral, a barbiturate, a beta blocker, a booster, a contraceptive, a decongestant, a depressant, an emetic, an expectorant, a hypnotic, an immunosuppressant, a laxative, a narcotic, a neurochemical, an opiate, a painkiller, a prophylactic, a purgative, a relaxant, a sedative, a statin, a suppressant, a tranquilizer, a vaccine or a vitamin.

11. The composition of claim 8 wherein the biologically active agent comprises a superoxide dismutase mimic, a porphyrin, a protein, an organic catalyst, a nucleic acid, an organometallic, a glycoprotein, a glycosaminoglycan, a peptide, an aptamer, a polyamine, a polyamino acid, a cytokine, a carbohydrate, an oleophobic, a lipid, extracellular matrix, a component of extracellular matrix, a growth factor, a hemostatic agent, a virus, a vireno, a virus vector, or a prion.

12. The composition of claim 8 wherein the biologically active agent comprises a cell adhesion molecule, an adhesive protein, a peptide, a cytokine or a growth factor.

13. The composition of claim 8 wherein the biologically active agent comprises an aptamer, an antibody, an enzyme, a ribozyme, DNA or RNA.

14. The composition of claim 8 wherein the biologically active agent is dexamethasone.

15. The composition of claim 2 wherein the at least one polymer is selected from the groups of polypyrroles, polyanilines, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(fluorine)s, polypyrenes, polyazulenes, polynaphthalenes, polycarbazoles, polyindoles, polyazepines, poly(p-phenylene sulfide), polythiophenes, poly p-(phenylene vinylene), poly p-phenylene, and their derivatives.

16. A method of forming a composition including a support and a composite material electrodeposited upon the support, the composite material including at least one polymer including contiguous sp2 carbon centers, comprising:

doping the polymer solely with a graphene oxide composition to increase conductivity in the polymer, wherein the graphene oxide composition comprises graphene oxide and at least one agent immobilized upon graphene oxide, the at least one agent being immobilized on the graphene oxide in an arrangement selected from at least one of (i) on the graphene oxide extending from the surface of the composite material or (ii) within the composite material; and wherein doping the polymer comprises either (i) electropolymerizing monomers for the polymer in the presence of the graphene oxide wherein the support functions as an electrode during electropolymerization, wherein the at least one agent is immobilized upon the graphene oxide after polymerization or (ii) by electropolymerizing monomers for the polymer in the presence of the graphene oxide composition wherein the support functions as an electrode during electropolymerization.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the graphene oxide extends from the surface of the composite material and the method further comprising:

immobilizing the at least one agent upon the graphene oxide extending from the composite material.

18. The method of claim 17 further comprising:

controlling particle size of the graphene oxide to control at least one property of the composition.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein the at least one conducting polymer is polymerized in the presence of graphene oxide.

20. A method, comprising:

providing a composition, the composition comprising a support and a composite material electrodeposited upon the support, the composite material comprising at least one polymer including contiguous sp2 carbon centers, the polymer being doped solely with a graphene oxide composition to increase conductivity in the polymer, wherein the graphene oxide composition comprises graphene oxide and at least one agent releasably immobilized upon graphene oxide, the at least one agent being immobilized on the graphene oxide in an arrangement selected from at least one of (i) on the graphene oxide extending from the surface of the composite material or (ii) within the composite material; and wherein the polymer is doped either by (i) electropolymerizing monomers for the polymer in the presence of the graphene oxide wherein the support functions as an electrode during electropolymerization, wherein the at least one agent is immobilized upon the graphene oxide after polymerization or (ii) by electropolymerizing monomers for the polymer in the presence of the graphene oxide composition wherein the support functions as an electrode during electropolymerization, and applying an electric current to the composition to release the agent from the composite material.