Medical amplifier isolation
This disclosure provides isolation for a medical amplifier by providing a low impedance path for noise across an isolation barrier. The low impedance path can include a capacitive coupling between a patient ground, which is isolated from control circuitry, and a functional ground of an isolation system that is isolated from earth ground. The low impedance path can draw noise current from an input of an amplifier of patient circuitry.
1. A medical amplifier system comprising:
a patient circuitry stage configured to receive electrical signals from a patient and provide corresponding output electrical signals, the patient circuitry stage comprising an electrical connection to a patient ground;
at least one control circuitry stage configured to monitor the corresponding output electrical signals provided by the patient circuitry stage; and
an isolation system electrically isolating the patient circuitry stage from the at least one control circuitry stage, the isolation system comprising a capacitive coupling between the patient ground and a functional ground of the isolation system, the functional ground being electrically isolated from earth ground in the control circuitry stage.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the isolation system comprises a functional isolation barrier and a patient isolation barrier, the capacitive coupling being connected across the patient isolation barrier, and the functional ground of the isolation system being electrically isolated from the control circuitry stage by the functional isolation barrier.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the isolation system comprises an isolated functional stage, the isolated functional stage comprising the functional ground and connections configured to pass the signals and power between the patient circuitry stage to the control circuitry stage, the isolated functional stage being isolated from the control circuitry stage via the functional isolation barrier and being isolated from the patient circuitry stage via the patient isolation barrier.
4. The system of claim 2 , further comprising a functional stage connected between the patient isolation barrier and the functional isolation barrier, the functional stage being electrically isolated from the patient circuitry stage and the control circuitry stage, the functional stage comprising the functional ground and circuitry to process signals provided on the signal path between the patient isolation barrier and the functional isolation barrier.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the capacitive coupling comprises an isolation capacitor interconnecting the patient ground and the functional ground.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein a capacitance of the capacitive coupling is configured to exceed a parasitic capacitance between the patient ground and earth ground to provide a low impedance path that reduces noise in the patient circuitry stage.
7. A multi-channel amplifier system comprising a plurality of the medical amplifier systems of claim 1 , each of the plurality of medical amplifier systems being configured to receive at least one signal from the patient.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the patient circuitry stage comprises an amplifier configured to amplify each signal received from the patient, the amplifier coupled to the patient ground.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the patient circuitry stage comprises a differential amplifier configured to amplify the electrical signals received from the patient, the differential amplifier being coupled to the patient ground that is electrically isolated from earth ground by the isolation system, the capacitive coupling providing a low impedance path from an input of the differential amplifier for external noise that is within the bandwidth of the electrical signals being measured.
10. A medical amplifier system comprising:
a patient circuitry stage configured to receive electrical signals from a patient and provide corresponding output electrical signals, the patient circuitry stage comprising an electrical connection to a patient ground;
at least one control circuitry stage configured to monitor the corresponding output electrical signals provided by the patient circuitry stage; and
an isolation system electrically isolating the patient circuitry stage from the at least one control circuitry stage, the isolation system comprising
a functional isolation barrier,
a patient isolation barrier,
an isolated functional stage comprising a functional ground and connections configured to pass the corresponding output electrical signals and power between the patient circuitry stage and the at least one control circuitry stage, the isolated functional stage being isolated from the control circuitry stage via the functional isolation barrier and being isolated from the patient circuitry stage via the patient isolation barrier, and
a capacitive coupling between the patient ground and the functional ground, the capacitive coupling being connected across the patient isolation barrier, the functional ground being electrically isolated from the control circuitry stage by the functional isolation barrier.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the capacitive coupling comprises an isolation capacitor interconnecting the patient ground and the functional ground.
12. The system of claim 10 , wherein a capacitance of the capacitive coupling is configured to exceed a parasitic capacitance between the patient ground and earth ground to provide a low impedance path that reduces noise in the patient circuitry stage.
13. The system of claim 10 , wherein the functional ground is electrically isolated from earth ground in the control circuitry stage.
14. A multi-channel amplifier system comprising a plurality of the medical amplifier systems of claim 10 , each of the plurality of medical amplifier systems being configured to receive at least one signal from the patient.
15. The system of claim 10 , wherein the patient circuitry stage comprises an amplifier configured to amplify each signal received from the patient, the amplifier coupled to the patient ground.
16. The system of claim 10 , wherein the patient circuitry stage comprises a differential amplifier configured to amplify the electrical signals received from the patient, the differential amplifier being coupled to the patient ground that is electrically isolated from earth ground by the isolation system, the capacitive coupling providing a low impedance path from an input of the differential amplifier for external noise that is within the bandwidth of the electrical signals being measured.
17. A medical amplifier system comprising:
a patient circuitry stage configured to receive electrical signals from a patient and provide corresponding output electrical signals, the patient circuitry stage comprising an electrical connection to a patient ground;
at least one control circuitry stage configured to monitor the corresponding output electrical signals provided by the patient circuitry stage;
an isolation system electrically isolating the patient circuitry stage from the at least one control circuitry stage, the isolation system comprising
a functional isolation barrier,
a patient isolation barrier, and
a capacitive coupling between the patient ground and a functional ground of the isolation system, the capacitive coupling being connected across the patient isolation barrier, the functional ground being electrically isolated from the control circuitry stage by the functional isolation barrier; and
a functional stage connected between the patient isolation barrier and the functional isolation barrier, the functional stage being electrically isolated from the patient circuitry stage and the control circuitry stage, the functional stage comprising the functional ground and circuitry to process signals provided on a signal path between the patient isolation barrier and the functional isolation barrier.
18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the capacitive coupling comprises an isolation capacitor interconnecting the patient ground and the functional ground.
19. The system of claim 17 , wherein a capacitance of the capacitive coupling is configured to exceed a parasitic capacitance between the patient ground and earth ground to provide a low impedance path that reduces noise in the patient circuitry stage.
20. The system of claim 17 , wherein the functional ground is electrically isolated from earth ground in the control circuitry stage.
21. A multi-channel amplifier system comprising a plurality of the medical amplifier systems of claim 17 , each of the plurality of medical amplifier systems being configured to receive at least one signal from the patient.
22. The system of claim 17 , wherein the patient circuitry stage comprises an amplifier configured to amplify each signal received from the patient, the amplifier coupled to the patient ground.
23. The system of claim 17 , wherein the patient circuitry stage comprises a differential amplifier configured to amplify the electrical signals received from the patient, the differential amplifier being coupled to the patient ground that is electrically isolated from earth ground by the isolation system, the capacitive coupling providing a low impedance path from an input of the differential amplifier for external noise that is within the bandwidth of the electrical signals being measured.