Spool shuttle crossover valve in split-cycle engine
A split-cycle engine includes: a first cylinder housing a first piston, wherein the first piston performs an intake stroke and a compression stroke, but does not perform an exhaust stroke; a second cylinder housing a second piston, wherein the second piston performs an expansion stroke and an exhaust stroke, but does not perform an intake stroke; and a valve chamber housing a valve, the valve comprising an internal chamber that selectively fluidly couples to the first and second cylinders, wherein the valve and internal chamber move within the valve chamber and relative to the first and second cylinders.
1. A split-cycle engine comprising:
a first cylinder housing a first piston, wherein the first piston performs an intake stroke and a compression stroke, but does not perform an exhaust stroke;
a second cylinder housing a second piston, wherein the second piston performs an expansion stroke and an exhaust stroke, but does not perform an intake stroke; and
a valve cylinder housing a valve, the valve comprising an internal chamber that selectively fluidly couples to the first and second cylinders, wherein the valve and internal chamber move linearly and reciprocally within the valve cylinder and relative to the first and second cylinders, and wherein the valve has a port that fluidly couples the internal chamber to the first and second cylinder simultaneously.
2. The engine of claim 1 , wherein, during movement of the valve, the internal chamber fluidly couples with the first cylinder and fluidly couples with the second cylinder separately.
3. The engine of claim 2 , wherein the valve and internal chamber comprise a maximum velocity and a minimum acceleration within 15 crankshaft degrees of when the internal chamber is fluidly coupled to the first and second cylinders simultaneously.
4. The engine of claim 3 , wherein the valve and internal chamber comprise a maximum velocity and a minimum acceleration when the internal chamber is fluidly coupled to the first and second cylinders simultaneously.
5. The engine of claim 1 , wherein the first cylinder has an intake port to receive an air/fuel mixture.
6. The engine of claim 5 , wherein the intake port is closed by a surface of the valve.
7. The engine of claim 5 , wherein the intake port is closed by a poppet valve.
8. The engine of claim 1 , wherein the second cylinder has an exhaust port to exhaust combusted gases.
9. The engine of claim 8 , wherein the exhaust port is closed by a surface of the valve.
10. The engine of claim 8 , wherein the exhaust port is closed by a poppet valve.
11. The engine of claim 1 further comprising a spark plug to initiate combustion.
12. The engine of claim 11 , wherein the spark plug is positioned on the valve and configured to create a spark within the internal chamber.
13. The engine of claim 11 , wherein the spark plug is positioned in the valve cylinder and the valve comprises a combustion port that aligns with the spark plug to initiate combustion within the internal chamber.
14. The engine of claim 1 , wherein the engine is configured to initiate combustion by compressing the fluid.
15. The engine of claim 1 , wherein the first piston reaches its top-dead center before the second piston reaches its top-dead center.
16. The engine of claim 1 , wherein the second piston reaches its top-dead center before the first piston reaches its top-dead center.
17. The engine of claim 1 , wherein the first and second piston reach their respective top-dead centers concurrently.
18. The engine of claim 1 further comprising sealing rings between the valve and the valve cylinder.
19. The engine of claim 18 , wherein the sealing rings do not move relative to the valve cylinder.
20. The engine of claim 18 , wherein the sealing rings move relative to the valve cylinder.
21. The engine of claim 18 , wherein the sealing rings comprises a first sealing ring that does not move relative to the valve cylinder and a second sealing ring that moves relative to the valve cylinder.
22. The engine of claim 1 , wherein an internal volume of the first cylinder when the first piston is at its bottom dead center is greater than an internal volume of the second cylinder when the second piston is at its bottom dead center.
23. The engine of claim 1 , wherein an internal volume of the first cylinder when the first piston is at its bottom dead center is less than an internal volume of the second cylinder when the second piston is at its bottom dead center.
24. The engine of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first crankshaft coupled to the first piston;
a second crankshaft coupled to the second piston;
a crankshaft connecting mechanism coupled to the first and second crankshafts and configured to translate motion between the first and second crankshafts, the crankshaft connecting mechanism comprising a crankshaft connecting rod having first and second ends coupled to the first and second crankshafts, respectively.
25. The engine of claim 1 , further comprising a single crankshaft coupled to the first and second pistons.
26. The engine of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first crankshaft coupled to the first piston;
a first gearwheel coupled to the first crankshaft;
a second crankshaft coupled to the second piston;
a second gearwheel coupled to the second crankshaft; and
a third gearwheel coupled to the first and second gearwheels and configured to translate motion between the first and second gearwheels.
27. The engine of claim 1 , wherein the internal chamber, a compression chamber, and an expansion chamber are sized to minimize dead space.
28. The engine of claim 1 , wherein an internal volume of the first cylinder at top dead center is less than one fiftieth an internal volume of the first cylinder at bottom dead center.
29. The engine of claim 1 , wherein an internal volume of the second cylinder at top dead center is less than one fiftieth an internal volume of the second cylinder at bottom dead center.
30. The engine of claim 1 , wherein the first and second cylinders are arranged in a configuration selected from an inline configuration, an opposed configuration, and V configuration.
31. The engine of claim 1 , wherein the valve is a spool valve.
32. The engine of claim 1 , wherein the first and second cylinders are thermally isolated from one another and the first cylinder is maintained at a cooler temperature than the second cylinder.
33. The engine of claim 1 , wherein the first cylinder further comprises a plurality of air cooling ribs located on an external surface of the first cylinder and a plurality of liquid cooling passages within its housing.
34. The engine of claim 33 , further comprising liquid coolant within the air cooling ribs and liquid cooling passages, and wherein a temperature of the liquid coolant is mechanically or electrically controlled.
35. The engine of claim 1 , wherein the second cylinder further comprises a plurality of exhaust heating passages for utilizing heat provided by exhaust gases expelled by the second piston to further heat the second cylinder and is thermally isolated from the surrounding environment so as to reduce leakage of thermal energy from the second cylinder.
36. The engine of claim 1 , further comprising
a third cylinder housing a third piston, wherein the third piston performs an expansion stroke and an exhaust stroke, but does not perform an intake stroke, and wherein
the internal chamber selectively fluidly couples to the first, second, and third cylinders, and wherein the valve and internal chamber move relative to the third cylinder.