Method and apparatus for providing oxygenated hydrocarbons
A method includes a step of supplying a first heated hydrocarbon-containing gas stream to a reactor. An oxygen-containing gas stream is separately supplied to the reactor to partially oxidize the hydrocarbon-containing gas stream. The oxygen-containing gas is optionally prepared by passing air through one or more membranes to increase the oxygen content. One or more of the desired liquid oxygenated hydrocarbons are condensed and/or separated from the resulting product stream. Non-hydrocarbon gases are selectively removed from the product stream to enrich the gaseous hydrocarbon fraction using a scrubber and/or a membrane. The remaining gaseous hydrocarbon products from the product stream are mixed with a fresh hydrocarbon-containing gas stream after one cycle of the reaction. Characteristically, the process uses at least one membrane to increase oxygen content of the oxygen containing gas and/or to remove non-hydrocarbon gases from the product stream as set forth above.
1. A method for preparing oxygenated hydrocarbons, comprising:
a) supplying to a reactor a first heated hydrocarbon-containing gas stream;
b) supplying separately to the reactor an oxygen-containing gas stream to form a reaction mixture, the oxygen-containing gas stream being prepared by passing air through one or more oxygen-enriching membranes to increase oxygen content, to partially oxidize the first heated hydrocarbon-containing gas stream in a partial oxidation reaction;
c) separating and/or condensing one or more oxygenated hydrocarbons from a product stream;
d) removing non-hydrocarbon gases from the product stream to enrich a gaseous hydrocarbon fraction using a scrubber and/or a hydrocarbon-enriching membrane; and
e) mixing remaining gaseous hydrocarbon product from the product stream with a fresh first heated hydrocarbon-containing gas stream after one reaction cycle;
wherein at least one membrane is used to increase oxygen content within step (b) and/or to remove non-hydrocarbon gases within step (d).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein within (b) one or more membranes are used to increase the oxygen content of the oxygen-containing gas stream entering the reactor.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the oxygen-containing gas stream entering the reactor comprises between 20% and 100% oxygen.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the oxygen-containing gas stream entering the reactor comprises less than 80% nitrogen.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein multiple membranes are used in series.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein within (d) the hydrocarbon-enriching membrane is used to remove non-hydrocarbon gases.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein, following separation of non-hydrocarbon gases using the hydrocarbon-enriching membrane, a resulting gas comprises a gaseous hydrocarbon fraction.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the one or more gases including at least one of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and nitrogen.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein within (d) the hydrocarbon-enriching membrane and the scrubber are both used to remove non-hydrocarbon gases.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the scrubber is used to remove carbon oxides.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein within (d) the hydrocarbon-enriching membrane, but not the scrubber, is used to remove non-hydrocarbon gases.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more separated non-hydrocarbon gases are converted to a hydrocarbon which may be used as part of the first heated hydrocarbon-containing gas stream.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the one or more separated non-hydrocarbon gases include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and/or hydrogen.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more separated non-hydrocarbon gases are converted to an oxygenated hydrocarbon product.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the one or more separated non-hydrocarbon gases include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and/or hydrogen.
16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising supplying a second hydrocarbon-containing gas stream to the reactor downstream of the first heated hydrocarbon-containing gas stream and the oxygen-containing gas stream at a temperature below that of the first heated hydrocarbon-containing gas stream.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the second hydrocarbon-containing gas stream is supplied to the reactor at a temperature of 0° C. to 100° C.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the second hydrocarbon-containing gas stream is adjusted to mitigate decomposition of formaldehyde in the reactor.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the temperature of the reaction mixture is reduced by at least 30° C. within a reaction vessel.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidation is partial oxidation without a catalyst, and wherein the mixture is substantially homogeneous.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein heat is transferred from the product stream to the first heated hydrocarbon-containing gas stream.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein oxidation occurs at pressures from about 5 to 9 MPA.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein oxidation is carried out in the reactor at a temperature between about 430° C. and 470° C.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first heated hydrocarbon-containing gas stream entering during a first cycle contains one or more non-hydrocarbon gases which may be removed by the scrubber and/or the hydrocarbon-enriching membrane following the partial oxidation reaction.
25. A system comprising:
a reactor;
a first hydrocarbon-containing gas supply means for supplying into the reactor a heated hydrocarbon-containing gas;
a means for supplying into the reactor an oxygen-containing gas;
one or more oxygen-enriching membranes to increase oxygen content of the oxygen-containing gas supplied into the reactor;
a means for separating and/or condensing one or more liquid oxygenated hydrocarbons from a product stream;
a scrubber and/or a hydrocarbon-enriching membrane to remove non-hydrocarbon gases from the product stream; and
a means for mixing remaining gaseous hydrocarbon product from the product stream with a fresh first heated hydrocarbon-containing gas stream after one reaction cycle, the system having at least one membrane.
26. The system of claim 25 , comprising one or more membranes to increase oxygen content of the oxygen-containing gas supplied into the reactor.
27. The system of claim 26 , comprising multiple membranes in series.
28. The system of claim 25 , comprising the hydrocarbon-enriching membrane to remove non-hydrocarbon gases from the product stream.
29. The system of claim 28 , further comprising a scrubber to remove carbon oxides from the product stream.
30. The system of claim 25 , comprising one or more oxygen-enriching membranes to increase oxygen content of the oxygen-containing gas supplied into the reactor and the hydrocarbon-enriching membrane to remove non-hydrocarbon gases from the product stream.
31. The system of claim 25 , also comprising a second hydrocarbon-containing gas supply means downstream of the heated hydrocarbon-containing gas and the oxygen-containing gas at a temperature below that of the heated hydrocarbon-containing gas.
32. The system of claim 25 , including a heat exchange means for transferring heat from the product stream to the heated hydrocarbon-containing gas.
33. The system of claim 32 , further comprising a heater disposed between the heat exchange means and the reactor for further preheating the heated hydrocarbon-containing gas prior to entry into the reactor.
34. The system of claim 25 , further comprising a condenser that condenses a relatively low volatility component of the product stream for separation from a relatively high volatility component of the product stream.
35. A method of producing methanol, comprising:
supplying to a reactor a first heated hydrocarbon-containing gas stream;
supplying separately to the reactor an oxygen-containing gas stream, prepared by passing air through one or more membranes to increase oxygen content, to oxidize the first heated hydrocarbon-containing gas stream to form a product stream;
separating and condensing one or more oxygenated hydrocarbons including methanol from the product stream;
removing carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide from the product stream comprising one or more oxygenated hydrocarbons using a scrubber and a membrane; and
mixing remaining gaseous hydrocarbon product from the product stream with the first heated hydrocarbon-containing gas stream after one reaction cycle.