Joining of polymer and surface-modified solid part
The present invention relates to alternative methods of joining a solid part ( 1 ) and a polymer ( 2 ). The methods comprise attaching a primer layer ( 4 ) with a predetermined surface chemistry, density and thickness covalently to at least a part of a surface ( 3 ) of the solid part ( 1 ). Some embodiments of the invention further comprise polymerizing second molecules onto the primer layer ( 4 ) so that the surface ( 3 ) is at least partly covered with surface immobilized polymer brushes ( 8 ). The surface ( 3 ) of the solid part ( 1 ) is brought into contact with the polymer ( 2 ) and a predetermined temperature profile is applied resulting in covalent bonds ( 6 ) being established between the polymer ( 2 ) and the primer ( 4 ), and/or polymer brushes ( 8 ) melting or softening and entangling with melted or softened polymer ( 2 ) so that the solid part ( 1 ) and the polymer ( 2 ) remain joined after cooling. The obtained strength of the bonding between the solid part ( 1 ) and the polymer ( 2 ) is significantly higher than if the same materials are joined with conventional methods not comprising the establishment of a primer layer ( 4 ).
1. A method of joining a solid part and a polymer, the method comprising:
attaching a primer layer with a predetermined surface chemistry, density and thickness covalently to at least a part of a surface of the solid part,
polymerizing second molecules onto the primer layer so that the surface is at least partly covered with surface immobilized polymer brushes,
ensuring that the polymerizing results in surface immobilized polymer brushes containing chemical functionalities amenable to thermal rearrangements, chain scission, or fragmentation,
heating the surface with the polymer brushes with an initial temperature profile resulting in at least partial activation of the polymer brushes and/or incorporated functional groups thereof, and
bringing the surface with the polymer brushes into contact with the polymer so that an interface is obtained comprising the surface, the primer layer, the polymer brushes and a part of the polymer adjacent to the primer layer,
wherein a predetermined temperature profile is applied at least to the interface, and/or
wherein a solvent is applied to the polymer brushes and/or to the polymer prior to bringing the surface with the polymer brushes into contact with the polymer,
so that the polymer brushes melt and/or soften and entangle with melted and/or softened polymer so that the solid part and the polymer remain joined, and wherein covalent bonds are established between the primer, the polymer brushes and/or the polymer.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein bringing the surface into contact with the polymer is performed simultaneously with the heating of the surface with the polymer brushes with the initial temperature profile.
3. A method of joining a solid part and a polymer, the method comprising:
attaching a primer layer with a predetermined surface chemistry, density and thickness covalently to at least a part of a surface of the solid part,
polymerizing second molecules onto the primer layer so that the surface is at least partly covered with surface immobilized polymer brushes, and
bringing the surface with the polymer brushes into contact with the polymer so that an interface is obtained comprising the surface, the primer layer, the polymer brushes and a part of the polymer adjacent to the primer layer,
wherein a solvent is applied to the polymer brushes prior to bringing the surface with the polymer brushes into contact with the polymer, so that the polymer brushes soften and entangle with softened polymer so that the solid part and the polymer remain joined and, wherein
said solvent comprises polymer chains of the same type of polymer as the polymer that is to be joined with the solid part.
4. The method according to claim 3 , further comprising heating the polymer brushes with the solvent applied thereto before it is brought into contact with the polymer to be joined with the solid part.
5. A method of joining a solid part and a polymer, the method comprising:
attaching a primer layer with a predetermined surface chemistry, density and thickness covalently to at least a part of a surface of the solid part,
heating the primer layer with a first predetermined temperature profile until at least a part of the primer has been activated,
simultaneously with or subsequently to the step of heating, bringing the primer layer attached to the surface of the solid part into contact with the polymer so that an interface is obtained comprising the surface, the activated primer and a part of the polymer adjacent to the primer,
wherein a second predetermined temperature profile is applied at least to the interface resulting in covalent bonds being established between the polymer and the primer so that the solid part and the polymer remain joined after cooling.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the primer layer has a surface density of 0.1-100×10 −10 mol per square centimeter and a thickness of 1-1000 nanometers.
7. A rotor can for a centrifugal pump and comprising a solid part and a polymer which have been joined by a method according to claim 5 , wherein the solid part is a metal collar of the can, and the polymer is a tubular body of the can.
8. The rotor can according to claim 7 , wherein the joining is made in an injection molding process.
9. The rotor can according to claim 8 , wherein activation of the primer layer on the collar is made in the mold by the heat of the mold.
10. The rotor can according to claim 8 , wherein the collar is subjected to mechanical structuring on its surface before having a primer layer attached thereto, the structuring being mechanical, chemical or by laser.
11. The rotor can according to claim 10 , wherein an organic chemical coating is applied to the collar before joining.
12. A method of joining a solid part and a polymer, the method comprising:
attaching a primer layer with a predetermined surface chemistry, density and thickness covalently to at least a part of a surface of the solid part,
polymerizing second molecules onto the primer layer so that the surface is at least partly covered with surface immobilized polymer brushes, and
bringing the surface with the polymer brushes into contact with the polymer so that an interface is obtained comprising the surface, the primer layer, the polymer brushes and a part of the polymer adjacent to the primer layer,
wherein a predetermined temperature profile is applied at least to the interface, and/or
wherein a solvent is applied to the polymer brushes and/or to the polymer prior to bringing the surface with the polymer brushes into contact with the polymer,
so that the polymer brushes melt and/or soften and entangle with melted and/or softened polymer so that the solid part and the polymer remain joined, and
wherein the primer layer has a surface density of 0.1-100×10 −10 mol per square centimeter and a thickness of 1-1000 nanometers.
13. A rotor can for a centrifugal pump and comprising a solid part and a polymer which have been joined by a method comprising:
attaching a primer layer with a predetermined surface chemistry, density and thickness covalently to at least a part of a surface of the solid part,
polymerizing second molecules onto the primer layer so that the surface is at least partly covered with surface immobilized polymer brushes, and
bringing the surface with the polymer brushes into contact with the polymer so that an interface is obtained comprising the surface, the primer layer, the polymer brushes and a part of the polymer adjacent to the primer layer,
wherein a predetermined temperature profile is applied at least to the interface, and/or
wherein a solvent is applied to the polymer brushes and/or to the polymer prior to bringing the surface with the polymer brushes into contact with the polymer,
so that the polymer brushes melt and/or soften and entangle with melted and/or softened polymer so that the solid part and the polymer remain joined, and
wherein the solid part is a metal collar of the can, and the polymer is a tubular body of the can.
14. The rotor can according to claim 13 , wherein the joining is made in an injection molding process.
15. The rotor can according to claim 14 , wherein activation of the primer layer on the collar is made in the mold by the heat of the mold.
16. The rotor can according to claim 14 , wherein the collar is subjected to mechanical structuring on its surface before having a primer layer attached thereto, the structuring being mechanical, chemical or by laser.
17. The rotor can according to claim 16 , wherein an organic chemical coating is applied to the collar before joining.