Bi-metallic nanoparticles as cathode electrocatalysts
A lithium-air battery cathode catalyst includes core-shell nanoparticles on a carbon support, wherein: a core of the core-shell nanoparticles is platinum metal; and a shell of the core-shell nanoparticles is copper metal; wherein: the core-shell nanoparticles have a weight ratio of the copper metal to the platinum metal from about 4% to about 6% copper to from about 2% to about 12% platinum, with a remaining percentage being the carbon support.
1. A metal-air battery comprising an anode, a cathode catalyst, and an electrolyte;
wherein:
the cathode catalyst comprises core-shell nanoparticles on a carbon support;
a core of the core-shell nanoparticles comprises platinum metal; and a shell of the core-shell nanoparticles comprises copper metal; wherein: the core-shell nanoparticles have a weight ratio of the copper metal to the platinum metal from about 4% to about 6% copper to from about 2% to about 12% platinum, with a remaining percentage being the carbon support;
the electrolyte comprises an aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of an ether-based solvent, a fluorinated ether-based solvent, an oligo(ethylene oxide) solvent, and a mixture of any two or more thereof; and
the aprotic solvent is free of carbonate solvents.
2. The metal-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the ratio is about 5 wt % copper:about 2.5 wt % platinum.
3. The metal-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the ratio is about 5 wt % copper:about 5 wt % platinum.
4. The metal-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the ratio is about 5 wt % copper:about 10 wt % platinum.
5. The metal-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the carbon support comprises synthetic graphite, natural graphite, amorphous carbon, hard carbon, soft carbon, acetylene black, mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), carbon black, Ketjen black, mesoporous carbon, porous carbon matrix, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, or graphene.
6. The metal-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the anode comprises lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, or zinc.
7. The metal-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises a lithium salt.
8. The metal-air battery of claim 7 , wherein the aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of: glyme, diglyme, tetrahydrofuran, tetraethylene glycol dimethylether, tri(ethylene glycol)-substituted methyltrimethyl silane, ethylene glycol-substituted methyltrimethyl silane, di(ethylene glycol)-substituted methyltrimethyl silane, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, triethyl phosphate, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, methoxybenzene, and an ionic liquid.
9. The metal-air battery of claim 1 which is a lithium-air battery.
10. The metal-air battery of claim 1 , wherein during operation at least some of the copper is present as Cu 1+ .
11. The metal-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of: glyme, diglyme, tetrahydrofuran, tetraethylene glycol dimethylether, tri(ethylene glycol)-substituted methyltrimethyl silane, ethylene glycol-substituted methyltrimethyl silane, di(ethylene glycol)-substituted methyltrimethyl silane, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, triethyl phosphate, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, methoxybenzene, and an ionic liquid.
12. The metal-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of: tetraethylene glycol dimethylether, tri(ethylene glycol)-substituted methyltrimethyl silane, ethylene glycol-substituted methyltrimethyl silane, and di(ethylene glycol)-substituted methyltrimethyl silane.
13. The metal-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of: tri(ethylene glycol)-substituted methyltrimethyl silane, ethylene glycol-substituted methyltrimethyl silane, and di(ethylene glycol)-substituted methyltrimethyl silane.