PAR-1 activation by metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)
Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) play many important roles in normal and pathological remodeling processes including atherothrombotic disease, inflammation, angiogenesis and cancer. This invention relates to the activation of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) by endogenous platelet MMP-1 collagenase on the surface of platelets. Exposure of platelets to fibrillar collagen converts the surface-bound pro-MMP-1 zymogen to active MMP-1, which promotes aggregation through PAR-1. MMP-1 is shown to cleave the PAR-1 extracellular domain at a novel site, which then strongly activates Rho-GTP signaling pathways, cell shape change and motility, and MAPK signaling. Blockade of MMP-PAR1 suppresses thrombogenesis under arterial flow conditions and inhibited thrombosis in animals. These studies provide a link between matrix-dependent activation of metalloproteases and platelet-G protein signaling and identify MMP-1/PAR-1 as a new target for the treatment and prevention of arterial thrombosis and other thrombotic diseases.
1. A method of treating a thrombotic disease state in a patient, said method comprising administering to a patient diagnosed with or at substantial risk of developing a thrombotic disease state a therapeutically effective amount of an agent that substantially inhibits said patient's protease-activated receptor-1(PAR-1) signaling activity that results from a proteolytic cleavage by matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1) between aspartic acid at position 39(D39) and proline at position 40 (P40) of said patient's protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said thrombotic disease state comprises a pathology resulting from platelet aggregation.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said pathology is selected from the group consisting of acute coronary syndrome, arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis, peripheral arterial disease, unstable angina, atrial fibrillation, first myocardial infarction, recurrent myocardial infarction, ischemic sudden death, transient ischemic attack, stroke, atherosclerosis, deep vein thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, arterial embolism, coronary arterial thrombosis, cerebral arterial thrombosis, cerebral embolism, kidney embolism and pulmonary embolism.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said patient is diagnosed with cancer.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said administration of said agent substantially inhibits platelet activation in said patient.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering to said patient a second agent that substantially inhibits thrombin-dependent activation of PAR1.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering to said patient a second anti-thrombotic agent.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said second anti-thrombotic agent is selected from the group consisting of anti-platelet drugs, anticoagulant drugs, and thrombolytic drugs.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein said second anti-thrombotic agent is selected from the group consisting of thienopyridines, prostaglandin analogs, COX inhibitors, vitamin K antagonists, glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitors and thrombin inhibitors.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein said second anti-thrombotic agent is selected from the group consisting of aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, prasugrel, heparin, abciximab, eptifibatid, tirofiban and bivalirudin.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said agent comprises a pepducin lipopeptide of a PAR family member.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said pepducin lipopeptide of a PAR family member comprises a PAR-1 pepducin lipopeptide.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein said PAR-1 pepducin lipopeptide is selected from the group consisting of Pli3pal-7, Pli3pal-12, Pli3pal-12S, Pli3pal-10S, Pli1pal-11, Pli2pal-7, Pli2pal-11, Pli2pal-16, Pli2pal-21, Pli4pal13 and Pli4pal13R.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said agent is administered through a means selected from the group consisting of intravenous (I.V.) injection, subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection, oral ingestion, nasal, topical, rectal, vaginal and parenteral intake.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein said agent is formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier or diluent.
16. A method of treating atherosclerosis, said method comprising administering to a patient diagnosed with or at substantial risk of developing atherosclerosis a therapeutically effective amount of an agent that substantially inhibits said patient's protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) signaling activity that results from a proteolytic cleavage by matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1) between aspartic acid at position 39 (D39) and proline at position 40 (P40) of said patient's protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1).
17. The method of claim 16 , administered after at least a procedure selected from the group consisting of an angioplasty procedure, a coronary bypass procedure, and an open-heart surgery has been performed on said patient.
18. The method of claim 16 , administered for no more than two weeks on said patient.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein said agent comprises a pepducin lipopeptide of a PAR family member.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein said pepducin lipopeptide of a PAR family member comprises a PAR-1 pepducin lipopeptide.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein said PAR-1 pepducin lipopeptide is selected from the group consisting of Plip3pal-7, Pli3pal-12, Pli3pal-12S, Pli3pal-10S, Plilpal-11, Pli2pal-7, Pli2pal-11, Pli2pal-16, Pli2pal-21, P 1 i4pal13 and P 1 i4pal13R.
22. The method of claim 16 , wherein said agent reduces the size of atherosclerotic plaque within the aorta of said patient.