Preparation of 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate
Synthetic methods are provided for preparation of oxycodone and salts thereof with an improved impurity profile. Thebaine is converted to 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate intermediate to minimize a 7,8-dihydro-8,14-dihydroxycodeinone impurity. Efficient methods for conversion of oxycodone base to oxycodone hydrochloride are provided to minimize 14-hydroxycodeinone impurity in the final product.
1. A method for preparation of oxycodone base from isolated 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or a hydrate thereof comprising
providing isolated 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or a hydrate thereof;
reducing the 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or hydrate thereof in the presence of a catalyst and hydrogen and/or a hydrogen transfer agent in a reaction mixture;
neutralizing the reaction mixture to a basic pH to form oxycodone base; and
isolating the oxycodone base.
2. A method for preparation of oxycodone hydrochloride from isolated 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or a hydrate thereof, the method comprising
reducing the 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or hydrate thereof in the presence of a catalyst in a reaction mixture;
neutralizing the reaction mixture to a basic pH to form oxycodone base;
isolating the oxycodone base;
dissolving the oxycodone base in an aqueous organic acid to form an oxycodone organic acid salt; and
adding hydrochloric acid or ammonium chloride to the oxycodone organic acid salt to form oxycodone hydrochloride.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of palladium on active carbon (Pd/C), Pd/C/FeCl 3 , Pd/C/Fe(III) hydroxide or oxide, Pd/Al 2 O 3 , Pt/C, Pt/Al 2 O 3 , Pd/BaSO 4 , Raney Ni-catalyst, Urushibara Ni-catalyst, rhodium on active carbon, Raney nickel, ruthenium black, PtO 2 , Pt/C and platinum black.
4. The method according to claim 1 further comprising
purifying the oxycodone base to form purified oxycodone base.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the purifying comprises crystallizing, recrystallizing and/or triturating the crude oxycodone base in water and/or one or more water miscible organic solvents.
6. The method for preparation of oxycodone base from an isolated 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or a hydrate thereof according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing in the presence of the catalyst and hydrogen and/or a hydrogen transfer agent is performed at a reaction mixture temperature of less than 50° C.
7. The method for preparation of oxycodone base from an isolated 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or a hydrate thereof according to claim 6 , wherein the reducing is performed at a temperature of less than 45° C.
8. The method for preparation of oxycodone base from an isolated 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or a hydrate thereof according to claim 6 , further comprising adding formic acid and additional catalyst to the reaction mixture.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the isolated 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or hydrate thereof is selected from the group consisting of 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate anhydrous, 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate hemihydrate, 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate monohydrate, 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate sesquihydrate, 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate dihydrate, 14-hydroxycodeinone hemisulfate, 14-hydroxycodeinone hemisulfate dihydrate, and 14-hydroxycodeinone hemisulfate monohydrate.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the isolated 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or hydrate thereof is 14-hydroxycodeinone hemisulfate dihydrate.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the isolated 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or hydrate is an isolated 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or hydrate thereof having not more than 0.10% of an 8,14-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrocodeinone (DHC) impurity.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the isolated 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or hydrate is an isolated 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or hydrate thereof having not more than 0.05% of an 8,14-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrocodeinone (DHC) impurity.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the isolated 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or hydrate is an isolated 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or hydrate thereof having not more than 0.01% of an 8,14-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrocodeinone (DHC) impurity.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a palladium on charcoal (Pd/C) catalyst.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the Pd/C catalyst is selected from 2% Pd/C, 2.5% Pd/C, 3% Pd/C, 5% Pd/C, 10% Pd/C, or 5% Pd/BaSO 4 .
16. The method of claim 1 further comprising
purifying the oxycodone base to form purified oxycodone base.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the purifying comprises crystallizing, recrystallizing and/or triturating the crude oxycodone base in water and/or one or more organic solvents.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the one or more organic solvents comprises one or more water miscible organic solvents.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the one or more water miscible organic solvents is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, monomethyl- or monoethyl ethers of ethylene- or propylene glycols.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the one or more organic solvents further comprises a halogenated solvent.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the halogenated solvent is selected from chloroform, or dichloromethane.
22. The method of claim 16 , wherein the purified oxycodone base exhibits not more than 0.10%, 0.05%, or 0.025% of an 8,14-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrocodeinone (DHC) impurity.
23. The method of claim 16 , wherein the purified oxycodone base exhibits not more than 0.50%, 0.25%, 0.15%, or 0.10% total 6-oxycodol impurity.
24. The method of claim 2 , wherein the aqueous organic acid is selected from aqueous tartaric acid, fumaric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monochloroacetic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, and acetic acid.
25. The method of claim 2 , wherein the aqueous organic acid is aqueous acetic acid.
26. The method of claim 2 , wherein the dissolving is performed at a temperature within a range from about 0° C. to about 70° C.
27. The method of claim 2 , wherein the dissolving comprises complete or partial dissolution of the oxycodone base in the aqueous organic acid.
28. The method of claim 2 , wherein the oxycodone organic acid salt is oxycodone acetate.
29. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxycodone base exhibits not more than 0.10%, 0.05%, or 0.025% of an 8,14-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrocodeinone (DHC) impurity.
30. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxycodone base exhibits not more than 0.1%, 0.010%, 0.005%, 0.002%, or 0.001% of a 14-hydroxycodeinone (ABUK) impurity.
31. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a regenerable palladium, platinum, rhodium, nickel or ruthenium catalyst.
32. The method of claim 1 , wherein the isolated 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or hydrate thereof is provided by a method comprising
exposing thebaine to hydrogen peroxide or peroxyacid and another organic acid in the presence of sodium hydrogen sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium hydrogen sulfate and/or sulfuric acid in an aqueous reaction mixture; and
isolating a precipitate of 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or a hydrate thereof from the reaction mixture.
33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the another organic acid is formic acid.