High-power electronic devices containing metal nanoparticle-based thermal interface materials and related methods
High-power electronic components generate significant amounts of heat that must be removed in the course of normal device operations. Certain types of electronic components, such as some monolithic microwave integrated circuits and LEDs, can contain materials that are difficult to effectively bond to a heat gink in order to establish a thermal interface between the two. Device assemblies can include a heat-generating electronic component in thermal communication with a metallic heat sink via a metallic thermal interface layer. The metallic thermal interface layer is disposed between the heat-generating electronic component and the metallic heat sink. The metallic thermal interface layer is formed from a composition including a plurality of metal nanoparticles that are at least partially fused together with one another. Methods for forming a thermal interface layer include heating metal nanoparticles above their fusion temperature and subsequently cooling the liquefied metal nanoparticles to promote bonding of the electronic component.
1. A device assembly comprising:
a heat-generating electronic component in thermal communication with a metallic heat sink via a metallic thermal interface layer, the metallic thermal interface layer being disposed between the heat-generating electronic component and the metallic heat sink and the metallic thermal interface layer being formed from a composition comprising a plurality of metal nanoparticles that are at least partially fused together with one another.
2. The device assembly of claim 1 , wherein the heat-generating electronic component comprises a monolithic microwave integrated circuit or a light-emitting diode.
3. The device assembly of claim 2 , wherein the heat-generating electronic component comprises a monolithic microwave integrated circuit.
4. The device assembly of claim 3 , wherein the monolithic microwave integrated circuit comprises a substrate comprising GaN or SiC.
5. The device assembly of claim 4 , wherein a surface of the substrate adjacent to the metallic thermal interface layer is coated with a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, gold, nickel, platinum, palladium, and any combination thereof.
6. The device assembly of claim 4 , wherein the metallic heat sink comprises a copper alloy and the metal nanoparticles comprise copper nanoparticles.
7. The device assembly of claim 6 , wherein the metallic heat sink comprises a passivating metal oxide surface layer and the composition further comprises an etchant capable of etching a metal oxide.
8. The device assembly of claim 7 , wherein the etchant comprises abietic acid or an anhydride thereof.
9. The device assembly of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a plurality of diamond particles.
10. A method comprising:
placing a composition comprising a plurality of metal nanoparticles between a metallic heat sink and a heat-generating electronic component;
heating the composition above a fusion temperature of the metal nanoparticles to liquefy the metal nanoparticles; and
cooling the liquefied metal nanoparticles to form a metallic thermal interface layer between the heat-generating electronic component and the metallic heat sink, the metallic thermal interface layer comprising metal nanoparticles that have been at least partially fused together with one another.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the heat-generating electronic component comprises a monolithic microwave integrated circuit or a light-emitting diode.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the heat-generating electronic component comprises a monolithic microwave integrated circuit.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the monolithic microwave integrated circuit comprises a substrate comprising GaN or SiC.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein a surface of the substrate adjacent to the metallic thermal interface layer is coated with a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, gold, and any combination thereof.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the metallic heat sink comprises a copper alloy and the metal nanoparticles comprise copper nanoparticles.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the metallic heat sink comprises a passivating metal oxide surface layer and the composition further comprises an etchant capable of etching a metal oxide, the method further comprising etching at least a portion of the passivating metal oxide surface layer while heating the composition.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the etchant comprises abietic acid or an anhydride thereof.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein the composition further comprises diamond particles.
19. The method of claim 10 , wherein the metallic heat sink comprises a passivating metal oxide surface layer and the composition further comprises an etchant capable of etching a metal oxide, the method further comprising etching at least a portion of the passivating metal oxide surface layer while heating the composition.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the etchant comprises abietic acid or an anhydride thereof.