Methods of forming single source precursors, methods of forming polymeric single source precursors, and single source precursors formed by such methods
Methods of forming single source precursors (SSPs) include forming intermediate products having the empirical formula ½{L 2 N(μ-X) 2 M′X 2 } 2 , and reacting MER with the intermediate products to form SSPs of the formula L 2 N(μ-ER) 2 M′(ER) 2 , wherein L is a Lewis base, M is a Group IA atom, N is a Group IB atom, M′ is a Group IIIB atom, each E is a Group VIB atom, each X is a Group VIIA atom or a nitrate group, and each R group is an alkyl, aryl, vinyl, (per)fluoro alkyl, (per)fluoro aryl, silane, or carbamato group. Methods of forming polymeric or copolymeric SSPs include reacting at least one of HE 1 R 1 E 1 H and MER with one or more substances having the empirical formula L 2 N(μ-ER) 2 M′(ER) 2 or L 2 N(μ-X) 2 M′(X) 2 to form a polymeric or copolymeric SSP. New SSPs and intermediate products are formed by such methods.
1. A method of forming a copolymeric single source precursor, comprising reacting a first single source precursor, a second single source precursor differing from the first single source precursor, and HE 1 R 1 E 1 H to form a copolymeric single source precursor having the empirical formula {[L 2 N 1 (ER) a (μ-E 1 R 1 E 1 ) b M′ 1 (ER) c (E 1 R 1 E 1 ) d ] m [L 2 N 2 (ER) e (μ-E 1 R 1 E 1 ) f M′ 2 (ER) g (E 1 R 1 E 1 ) h ] n } l , wherein L is a Lewis base, each N 1 and N 2 is individually selected from Group IB atoms, each M′ 1 and M′ 2 is individually selected from Group IIIA atoms, each E and E 1 is individually selected from Group VIA atoms, a is any number from zero (0) to two (2), b is the difference between two (2) and a, c is any number from zero (0) to two (2), d is the difference between two (2) and c, e is any number from zero (0) to two (2), f is the difference between two (2) and e, g is any number from zero (0) to two (2), h is the difference between two (2) and g, m is any number, n is any number, l is any number, each R is individually selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, vinyl, (per)fluoro alkyl, (per)fluoro aryl, silane, and carbamato groups, and each R 1 is individually selected from the group consisting of α, ω-E 1 functionalized alkyl, aryl, vinyl, (per)fluoro alkyl, (per)fluoro aryl, silane, and carbamato groups.
2. A method of forming a copolymeric single source precursor, comprising reacting uME 1 R 1 E 1 M and vMER with a first substance having the empirical formula L 2 N 1 (μ-X) 2 M′ 1 (X) 2 and a second substance having the empirical formula L 2 N 2 (μ-X) 2 M′ 2 (X) 2 to form a copolymeric single source precursor having the empirical foimula {[L 2 N 1 (ER) a (μ-E 1 R 1 E 1 ) b M′ 1 (ER) c (E 1 R 1 E 1 ) d ] m [L 2 N 2 (ER) e (μ-E 1 R 1 E 1 ) f M′ 2 (ER) g (E 1 R 1 E 1 ) h ] n } l , wherein L is a Lewis base, each X is individually selected from Group VIIA atoms or a nitrate group, each N 1 and N 2 is individually selected from Group IB atoms, each M′ 1 and M′ 2 is individually selected from Group IIIA atoms, each E and E 1 is individually selected from Group VIA atoms, a is any number from zero (0) to two (2), b is the difference between two (2) and a, c is any number from zero (0) to two (2), d is the difference between two (2) and c, e is any number from zero (0) to two (2), f is the difference between two (2) and e, g is any number from zero (0) to two (2), h is the difference between two (2) and g, m is any number, n is any number, l is any number, u is any number from zero (0) to four (4), v is the difference between four (4) and u, each R is individually selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, vinyl, (per)fluoro alkyl, (per)fluoro aryl, silane, and carbamato groups, and each R 1 is individually selected from the group consisting of α,ω-E 1 functionalized alkyl, aryl, vinyl, (per)fluoro alkyl, (per)fluoro aryl, silane, and carbamato groups.
3. The method of claim 1 , where at least two R 1 groups in the copolymeric single source precursor differ from one another.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least two E 1 groups in the copolymeric single source precursor differ from one another.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the R 1 groups in the copolymeric single source precursor are the same.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the E 1 groups in the copolymeric single source precursor are the same.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein m is between one and 20,000.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein n is between one and 20,000.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein l is between one and 20,000.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of m, n, and l is greater than 20,000.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising selecting the first single source precursor to comprise a substance having the empirical formula L 2 N 1 (μ-X) 2 M′ 1 (X) 2 and selecting the second single source precursor to comprise a substance having the empirical formula L 2 N 2 (μ-X) 2 M′ 2 (X) 2 .
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein at least some N 1 atoms differ from at least some N 2 atoms in the copolymeric single source precursor.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein at least some M′ 1 atoms differ from at least some M′ 2 atoms in the copolymeric single source precursor.
14. The method of claim 2 , where at least two R 1 groups in the copolymeric single source precursor differ from one another.
15. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least two E 1 groups in the copolymeric single source precursor differ from one another.
16. The method of claim 2 , wherein the E 1 groups in the copolymeric single source precursor are the same.
17. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least one of m, n, and l is between one and 20,000.
18. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least one of m, n, and l is greater than 20,000.
19. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least some N 1 atoms differ from at least some N 2 atoms in the copolymeric single source precursor.
20. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least some M′ 1 atoms differ from at least some M′ 2 atoms in the copolymeric single source precursor.