Near infrared fluorescent single walled carbon nanotubes as tissue localizable biosensors
A nanosensor for detecting an analyte can include a substrate, a photoluminescent nanostructure, and a polymer interacting with the photoluminescent nanostructure. The nanosensor can be used in in vivo for biomedical applications.
1. A nanosensor for detecting an analyte, comprising:
a substrate hydrogel arranged on a support;
a sensor hydrogel arranged on the substrate hydrogel;
a photoluminescent nanostructure embedded in the sensor hydrogel; and
a polymer interacting with the photoluminescent nanostructure,
wherein the polymer is ligated with the sensor hydrogel.
2. The nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the analyte has a molecule weight of less than 100 g/mol.
3. The nanosensor of claim 2 , wherein the analyte is nitric oxide.
4. The nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the photoluminescent nanostructure comprises a carbon nanotube.
5. The nanosensor of claim 4 , wherein the carbon nanotube is a single-walled carbon nanotube.
6. The nanosensor of claim 5 , wherein the single-walled carbon nanotube is a semiconductive single-walled carbon nanotube.
7. The nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the polymer includes an oligonucleotide or a polynucleotide.
8. The nanosensor of claim 7 , wherein the oligonucleotide includes ds(AAAT) 7 (SEQ ID NO: 1).
9. The nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the photoluminescent nanostructure emits near-infrared radiation in the absence of the analyte.
10. The nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the photoluminescent nanostructure emits near-infrared radiation in the presence of the analyte.
11. The nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the polymer includes polyvinyl alcohol, poly(acrylic acid), poly(ethylene oxide), poly(vinyl pyrrolidinone), poly(allyl amine), poly(2-vinylpyridine), or poly(maleic acid).
12. The nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the analyte is less than 1 micromolar.
13. The nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the interaction between the analyte and the nanosensor includes an interaction between the analyte and the photoluminescent nanostructure.
14. The nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the substrate hydrogel includes alginate hydrogel.
15. The nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensor hydrogel includes alginate hydrogel.
16. The nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the polymer includes a copolymer of a hydrophilic polymer and an oligonucleotide.
17. The nanosensor of claim 16 , wherein the hydrophilic polymer is poly(ethylene oxide).
18. The nanosensor of claim 16 , wherein the oligonucleotide is ds(AAAT) 7 (SEQ ID NO: 1) .
19. The nanosensor of claim 16 , wherein the copolymer includes poly(ethylene oxide) and ds(AAAT) 7 (SEQ ID NO: 1).
20. The nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the substrate hydrogel includes polyethylene glycol.
21. The nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensor hydrogel includes polyethylene glycol.
22. A method of detecting an analyte in a subject, comprising:
introducing a sensor into a subject, wherein the sensor includes:
a substrate hydrogel arranged on a support;
a sensor hydrogel arranged on the substrate hydrogel;
a photoluminescent nanostructure embedded in the sensor hydrogel; and
a polymer interacting with the photoluminescent nanostructure, wherein the polymer is ligated with the sensor hydrogel; and
monitoring emission of radiation from the sensor in the subject.
23. The method of claim 22 , further comprising detecting photoluminescence from the photoluminescent nanostructure.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein introducing the sensor includes injecting the sensor into a tissue of the subject.
25. The method of claim 22 , wherein the substrate hydrogel includes alginate hydrogel.
26. The method of claim 22 , wherein the sensor hydrogel includes alginate hydrogel.
27. The method of claim 22 , wherein the analyte has a molecule weight of less than 100 g/mol.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the analyte is nitric oxide.
29. The method of claim 22 , wherein the photoluminescent nanostructure comprises a carbon nanotube.
30. The method of claim 29 , wherein the carbon nanotube is a single-walled carbon nanotube.
31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the single-walled carbon nanotube is a semiconductive single-walled carbon nanotube.
32. The method of claim 22 , wherein the polymer includes an oligonucleotide or a polynucleotide.
33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the oligonucleotide includes ds(AAAT) 7 (SEQ ID NO: 1).
34. The method of claim 22 , wherein the polymer includes polyvinyl alcohol, poly(acrylic acid), poly(ethylene oxide), poly(vinyl pyrrolidinone), poly(allyl amine), poly(2-vinylpyridine), or poly(maleic acid).
35. The method of claim 22 , wherein the polymer includes a copolymer of a hydrophilic polymer and an oligonucleotide.
36. The method of claim 35 , wherein the hydrophilic polymer is poly(ethylene oxide).
37. The method of claim 35 , wherein the oligonucleotide is ds(AAAT) 7 (SEQ ID NO: 1).
38. The method of claim 35 , wherein the copolymer includes poly(ethylene oxide) and ds(AAAT) 7 (SEQ ID NO: 1).
39. The method of claim 22 , wherein the photoluminescent nanostructure emits near-infrared radiation in the absence of the analyte.
40. The method of claim 22 , wherein the photoluminescent nanostructure emits near-infrared radiation in the presence of the analyte.
41. The method of claim 22 , wherein the concentration of the analyte is less than 1 micromolar.
42. The method of claim 22 , wherein the substrate hydrogel includes polyethylene glycol.
43. The method of claim 22 , wherein the sensor hydrogel includes polyethylene glycol.