Microfluidic three-dimensional osteocyte network reconstructed with microbeads as scaffold
A bed of microbeads is used as a foundation for reconstructing a three-dimensional osteocyte network by culturing osteocytes within the bed. The osteocytes are cultured such that they form a network among the microbeads that is capable of simulating the osteocyte network of natural bone. The osteocytes are cultured in a microfluidic device adapted for the purpose.
1. A method of forming a three-dimensional (3D) osteocyte network in vitro by culturing osteocytes in a microfluidic chamber, comprising the steps of:
(a) mixing two or more cells with two or more microbeads in a ratio of about 1:1 to form a mixture including the cells and the microbeads, wherein the cells include an osteocyte, a pre-osteocyte or both, and further wherein the microbeads have diameters in a range of about 20 μm to about 25 μm;
(b) adding a portion of the mixture to a microfluidic chamber, thereby forming a bed comprising the microbeads with the cells distributed among the microbeads; and
(c) perfusing the bed with a culture medium, wherein the osteocytes of the bed remain as osteocytes and pre-osteocytes of the bed develop into osteocytes and the perfusing is performed such that the osteocytes of the bed, the pre-osteocytes of the bed or both form the three-dimensional (3D) osteocyte network comprising the microbeads of the bed; and
wherein the bed of microbeads is an environment effective
(1) for cells to attach to the microbeads of the bed;
(2) for cells to grow processes;
(3) for cells to extend the processes to neighboring cells to form gap-junctions; and
(4) to reduce osteocyte and pre-osteocyte proliferation in the interstitial space between adjacent microbeads and along surfaces of the microfluidic chamber.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microbeads of the bed have diameters such that the bed has an interstitial space between adjacent ones of the microbeads of the bed, wherein the interstitial space is of a size such that only one osteocyte or pre-osteocyte occupies the interstitial space.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cells are sourced from a species of animal, and the microbeads have diameters that are approximately the same size as a typical distance between osteocytes in a living animal of the species.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microbeads include biphasic calcium phosphate.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the culture medium includes a biologically-active substance, and the method includes assessing an effect of the biologically-active substance on the development of the pre-osteocytes into osteocytes and the formation of the network of osteocytes among the microbeads of the bed.