Non-human animals having a humanized signal-regulatory protein gene
Genetically modified non-human animals and methods and compositions for making and using the same are provided, wherein the genetic modification comprises a humanization of an endogenous signal-regulatory protein gene, in particular a humanization of a SIRPα gene. Genetically modified mice are described, including mice that express a human or humanized SIRPα protein from an endogenous SIRPα locus.
1. A method of making a mouse, the method comprising:
(a) replacing exons 2, 3 and 4 of a mouse SIRPα gene at an endogenous mouse SIRPα locus in a mouse ES cell with exons 2, 3 and 4 of a human SIRPα gene to form a humanized SIRPα gene, wherein said humanized SIRPα gene is operably linked to a mouse SIRPα promoter at said endogenous mouse SIRPα locus and encodes a humanized SIRPα protein comprising an extracellular portion of the human SIRPα protein encoded by said human SIRPα gene and an intracellular portion of the mouse SIRPα protein encoded by said mouse SIRPα gene, thereby obtaining a modified mouse ES cell comprising said humanized SIRPα gene;
(b) creating a mouse using the modified ES cell of (a).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said humanized SIRPα gene comprises exons 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of said mouse SIRPα gene.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extracellular portion of said human SIRPα protein comprises amino acid residues 28-362 of SEQ ID NO: 4.
4. A method of engrafting human cells into a mouse, comprising steps of:
(a) providing a mouse whose genome comprises a replacement of exons 2, 3 and 4 of a mouse SIRPα gene at an endogenous mouse SIRPα locus with exons 2, 3 and 4 of a human SIRPα gene to form a humanized SIRPα gene, wherein said humanized SIRPα gene is operably linked to a mouse SIRPα promoter at said endogenous mouse SIRPα locus and expresses in said mouse a humanized SIRPα protein comprising an extracellular portion of the human SIRPα protein encoded by said human SIRPα gene and an intracellular portion of the mouse SIRPα protein encoded by said mouse SIRPα gene; and
(b) transplanting one or more human cells into the mouse.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising a step of:
(c) assaying engraftment of the one or more human cells in the mouse.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the step of assaying comprises comparing the engraftment of the one or more human cells to the engraftment in one or more wild-type mice or in one or more mice whose genome does not comprise said replacement.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the said humanized SIRPα gene comprises exons 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of said mouse SIRPα gene.
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein the extracellular portion of said human SIRPα protein comprises amino acids 28-362 of SEQ ID NO: 4.
9. The method of claim 4 , wherein the human cells are hematopoietic stem cells.
10. The method of claim 4 , wherein the human cells are transplanted intravenously, intraperitoneally, or subcutaneously.
11. A method comprising,
(a) providing one or more mouse cells whose genome comprises a replacement of exons 2, 3 and 4 of a mouse SIRPα gene at an endogenous mouse SIRPα locus with exons 2, 3 and 4 of a human SIRPα gene to form a humanized SIRPα gene, wherein said humanized SIRPα gene is operably linked to a mouse SIRPα promoter at said endogenous mouse SIRPα locus and expresses in said one or more mouse cells a humanized SIRPα protein comprising an extracellular portion of the human SIRPα protein encoded by said human SIRPα gene and an intracellular portion of the mouse SIRPα protein encoded by said mouse SIRPα gene;
(b) incubating the one or more mouse cells of step (a) with a labeled substrate; and
(c) measuring phagocytosis of the labeled substrate by the one or more mouse cells of step (b).
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said humanized SIRPα gene comprises exons 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of said mouse SIRPα gene.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the substrate is fluorescently labeled or labeled with an antibody.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the substrate is one or more red blood cells or one or more bacterial cells.
15. A method comprising,
(a) providing a mouse whose genome comprises a replacement of exons 2, 3 and 4 of a mouse SIRPα gene at an endogenous mouse SIRPα locus with exons 2, 3 and 4 of a human SIRPα gene to form a humanized SIRPα gene, wherein said humanized SIRPα gene is operably linked to a mouse SIRPα promoter at said endogenous mouse SIRPα locus and expresses in said mouse a humanized SIRPα protein comprising an extracellular portion of the human SIRPα protein encoded by said human SIRPα gene and an intracellular portion of the mouse SIRPα protein encoded by said mouse SIRPα gene;
(b) exposing the mouse to an antigen; and
(c) measuring phagocytosis of the antigen by one or more cells of the mouse.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said humanized SIRPα gene comprises exons 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of said mouse SIRPα gene.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the step of exposing comprises exposing the mouse to an antigen that is fluorescently labeled.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the step of exposing comprises exposing the mouse to one or more cells that comprise the antigen.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the step of exposing comprises exposing the mouse to one or more human cells comprising the antigen or to one or more bacterial cells comprising the antigen.
20. A method of assessing the therapeutic efficacy of a drug targeting human cells, comprising:
providing a mouse whose genome comprises a replacement of exons 2, 3 and 4 of a mouse SIRPα gene at an endogenous mouse SIRPα locus with exons 2, 3 and 4 of a human SIRPα gene to form a humanized SIRPα gene, wherein said humanized SIRPα gene is operably linked to a mouse SIRPα promoter at said endogenous mouse SIRPα locus and expresses in said mouse a humanized SIRPα protein comprising an extracellular portion of the human SIRPα protein encoded by said human SIRPα gene and an intracellular portion of the mouse SIRPα protein encoded by said mouse SIRPα gene;
transplanting one or more human cells into the mouse;
administering a drug candidate to said mouse; and
monitoring the human cells in the mouse to determine the therapeutic efficacy of the drug candidate.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the human cells are cancer cells, and said drug candidate is an anti-cancer drug candidate.
22. The method of claim 20 , wherein said drug candidate is an antibody.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein said mouse further comprises human immune cells.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein said drug candidate is a bispecific antibody that binds to an antigen on the human immune cells and an antigen on the transplanted human cancer cells.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein said humanized SIRPα protein is expressed on the cell surface in said mouse and supports the engraftment of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells.
26. The mouse of claim 4 , wherein said humanized SIRPα protein is expressed on the cell surface in said mouse and supports the engraftment of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells.
27. The method of claim 15 , wherein said humanized SIRPα protein is expressed on the cell surface in said mouse and supports the engraftment of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells.
28. The mouse of claim 20 , wherein said humanized SIRPα protein is expressed on the cell surface in said mouse and supports the engraftment of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells.