Method for assessing juice/cider quality and/or safety
A novel method for isolating DNA from juices and ciders is described. This method is low cost and yield large quantities of highly purified DNA even though one uses a small quantity of juice or cider. A method for determining if a juice or cider is safe to consume and/or the quality of the juice or cider are also described. For these methods, one can perform qPCR on the DNA which can be obtained using the disclosed method or any other prior art method, and comparing the amount of DNA from microorganisms is present in the juice and/or cider to determine the safety and/or quality of the juice and/or cider. These methods work even if the liquid was pasteurized.
1. A method for detecting a pectin containing juice or cider sample having poor taste quality caused by the presence of greater amount of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) in said pectin containing juice or cider sample compared to amount of CLas in pectin containing juice or cider sample with good taste quality, the method comprising
(a) separating solid components from liquid components of said pectin containing juice or cider sample;
(b) lysing cells present in said solid components to release nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and non-polar material present in said cells;
(c) generating an organic phase, an interface, and an aqueous phase wherein said lipids are in said organic phase; wherein said proteins are in said interface; and wherein said nucleic acids and polysaccharides are in said aqueous phase;
(d) separating said aqueous phase from said organic phase and said interface;
(e) mixing an aqueous solution of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and salt with said polysaccharides and nucleic acids, wherein said nucleic acids precipitate out of said aqueous solution, and wherein said polysaccharides remain dissolved in said aqueous solution;
(f) separating said aqueous solution containing said dissolved polysaccharides from said nucleic acids;
(g) exposing said isolated DNA to DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) primers at a temperature conducive for amplifying CLas DNA that may be present in the pectin containing juice or cider sample;
(h) amplifying any CLas DNA present in said pectin containing juice or cider sample; and
(i) quantifying amount said amplified CLas DNA in said pectin containing juice or cider sample; wherein when said pectin containing juice or cider sample contains more CLas DNA than in a pectin containing juice or cider sample having good taste quality, said pectin containing juice or cider sample containing more CLas than is present in said pectin containing juice or cider sample having good taste quality; and said greater amount of CLas causes said pectin containing juice or cider sample to have said poor taste quality.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said CLas primers consist essentially of SEQ ID NO: 3 and 4, and wherein when the amplified CLas DNA's Ct value is approximately 35 or less, said pectin containing juice or cider sample has poor taste quality and contains a greater amount of CLas than is present in a pectin containing juice or cider sample having good taste quality.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said CLas primers consist essentially of SEQ ID NO: 1 and 2, and wherein when the amplified CLas DNA's Ct value is approximately 30 or less, said pectin containing juice or cider sample with poor taste quality contains a greater amount of CLas than in a pectin containing juice or cider sample having good taste quality.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the poor taste quality is associated with a negative taste descriptor selected from the group consisting of sourness, bitterness, or metallic.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the poor taste quality is associated with a negative taste descriptor selected from the group consisting of sourness, bitterness, or metallic.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said aqueous solution of CTAB and salt has a concentration of said salt between approximately 10 mM and approximately 400 mM.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step (f) separating said aqueous solution containing said dissolved polysaccharides from said nucleic acids further comprises the steps of:
(i) washing said nucleic acids in ethanol to remove any of said CTAB remaining with said nucleic acids; and
(ii) separating said washed nucleic acids from said ethanol.
8. A method for detecting Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) DNA in a pectin containing juice, the method comprising:
(a) separating solid components present in a sample of said pectin containing juice from liquid components in said sample by centrifuging said sample;
(b) exposing said solid components to a solution containing Tris-base, EDTA, salt, PVP40, β-mercaptoethanol, NaOH, and a surfactant to dissolve said solid components and lyse cells present in said solid material;
(c) optionally heating said solution to lyse said cells;
(d) adding chloroform to generate an aqueous phase containing salt, an interphase, and an organic phase, wherein lipids and non-polar material are in said organic phase, wherein nucleic acids and polysaccharides are in said aqueous phase containing salt, and wherein proteins are in said interface;
(e) separating said aqueous phase containing salt from said organic phase and said interface;
(f) adding hexadecetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) to said aqueous phase containing salt, wherein said nucleic acids present in said aqueous phase containing salt precipitate out of said aqueous phase containing salt while said polysaccharides remain in solution in said aqueous phase containing salt;
(g) optionally heating said aqueous phase containing salt and CTAB to enhance precipitation of said nucleic acids;
(h) separating said nucleic acids from said aqueous phase containing salt and said polysaccharides;
(i) optionally washing said nucleic acids in ethanol to remove any remaining CTAB;
(j) optionally separating said washed nucleic acids from said ethanol; and
(k) exposing said nucleic acids to DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and CLas primers.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said aqueous solution containing salt and said CTAB has a concentration of said salt between approximately 10 mM and approximately 400 mM.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the poor taste quality is associated with a negative taste descriptor selected from the group consisting of sourness, bitterness, or metallic.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein said CLas primers consists essentially of SEQ ID NO: 1 and 2, and wherein when the amplified CLas DNA's Ct value is approximately 30 or less, said pectin containing juice or cider sample with poor taste quality contains a greater amount of CLas than in a pectin containing juice or cider sample having good taste quality.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein said CLas primers consists essentially of SEQ ID NO: 3 and 4, and wherein when the amplified CLas DNA's Ct value is approximately 35 or less, said pectin containing juice or cider sample has poor taste quality and contains a greater amount of CLas than is present in a pectin containing juice or cider sample having good taste quality.