High performance compositions and composites
Provided herein are compositions, comprising polysilazane, polysiloxane, and a boron constituent. The compositions may further comprise carbon nanofibers. Also provided is a method for forming the compositions, composites formed from a composition, and a method for forming composites from a composition by mixing the compositions with fibers and curing the composition-fiber mixture.
1. A composition for forming a matrix for binding fibers in a composite, comprising:
1% to 15% (w/w, of the total composition) polysilazane;
10% to 60% (w/w, of the total composition) polysiloxane; and
2% to 20% (w/w, of the total composition) boron constituent chosen from boric acid, borate, borax, boron oxide, particulate boron nitride with a d 50 value of less than 1 micron, and combinations thereof;
which composition is suitable for forming a matrix in a composite; and
which composition after curing with fibers is the composite comprising the matrix having a T dec at 10% mass loss of at least 800° C.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polysilazane comprises the formula [R 1 R 2 Si—NH] n ; wherein n greater than 1, and each R 1 and R 2 is independently chosen from hydrogen, methyl, vinyl, and phenyl, and at least one R 1 is alkyl.
3. The composition of claim 1 , comprising from 2% to 8% (w/w, of the total composition) polysilazane.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polysiloxane comprises the formula [SiOR 1 R 2 ] n ; wherein each R 1 and R 2 is independently chosen from hydrocarbyl, aryl, hydrocarbylamine, fluorohydrocarbyl, alkoxy, mercapto, chlorohydrocarbyl, and cyano.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polysiloxane comprises the formula (CH 3 SiO 1.5 ) x (C 6 H 5 SiO 1.5 ) y , wherein x and y are each greater than 1.
6. The composition of claim 1 , comprising from 40% to 50% (w/w, of the total composition) polysiloxane.
7. The composition of claim 1 , comprising from 5% to 10% (w/w, of the total composition) boron constituent.
8. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a solvent.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the solvent is chosen from methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, amyl alcohol, pentyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, and combinations thereof.
10. The composition of claim 8 , comprising from 10% to 60% (w/w, of the total composition) solvent.
11. The composition of claim 10 , comprising from 15% to 30% (w/w, of the total composition) solvent.
12. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising an alkyltitanate.
13. The composition of claim 12 , comprising from 0.5% to 3% (w/w, of the total composition) alkyltitanate.
14. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising from 1% to 4% (w/w, of the total composition) formic acid.
15. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising carbon nanofibers.
16. The composition of claim 15 , comprising from 0.1% to 50% (w/w, of the total composition) carbon nanofibers.
17. The composition of claim 16 , comprising from 0.1% to 1.0% (w/w, of the total composition) carbon nanofibers.
18. A composition for forming a matrix for binding fibers in a composite, wherein the composition comprises:
from 1% to 15% (w/w, of the total composition) polysilazane comprising the formula [R 1 R 2 Si—NH] n ; wherein n greater than 1, and each R 1 and R 2 is independently chosen from hydrogen, methyl, vinyl, and phenyl, and at least one R 1 is alkyl;
from 10% to 60% (w/w, of the total composition) polysiloxane comprising the formula [SiOR 1 R 2 ] n ; wherein each R 1 and R 2 is independently chosen from hydrocarbyl, aryl, hydrocarbylamine, fluorohydrocarbyl, alkoxy, mercapto, chlorohydrocarbyl, and cyano;
from 5% to 20% (w/w, of the total composition) boron constituent chosen from boric acid, borate, borax, boron oxide, particulate boron nitride with a d 50 value of less than 1 micron, and combinations thereof;
from 1% to 4% (w/w, of the total composition) formic acid; and
from 0.1% to 50% (w/w, of the total composition) carbon nanofibers;
which composition is suitable for forming a matrix in a composite; and
which composition after curing with fibers is the composite comprising the matrix having a T dec at 10% mass loss of at least 800° C.
19. A method for forming a composition for forming a matrix for binding fibers in a composite, comprising:
(a) dissolving 10% to 60% (w/w, of the total composition) polysiloxane in 10% to 60% (w/w, of the total composition) alcoholic solvent to form a mixture;
(b) adding 2% to 20% (w/w, of the total composition) boron-containing constituent to the mixture of step (a), wherein the boron constituent chosen from boric acid, particulate boron nitride with a d 50 value of less than 1 micron, and combinations thereof;
(c) adding from 1% to 4% (w/w, of the total composition) organic acid to the mixture of step (b); and
(d) adding 1% to 15% (w/w, of the total composition) at least one polysilazane to the mixture of step (c);
which composition is suitable for forming a matrix in a composite; and
which composition after curing with fibers is the composite comprising the matrix having a T dec at 10% mass loss of at least 800° C.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising adding carbon nanofibers to the mixture of step (c).
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the organic acid is formic acid.
22. The method of claim 19 , wherein the composition comprises from 2% to 8% (w/w, of the total composition) polysilazane.
23. The method of claim 19 , wherein the polysiloxane comprises the formula [SiOR 1 R 2 ] n ; wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently chosen from hydrocarbyl, aryl, hydrocarbylamine, fluorohydrocarbyl, alkoxy, mercapto, chlorohydrocarbyl, and cyano.
24. The method of claim 19 , wherein the polysiloxane comprises the formula (CH 3 SiO 1.5 ) x (C 6 H 5 SiO 1.5 ) y , wherein x and y are each greater than 1.
25. The method of claim 19 , wherein the composition comprises from 20% to 30% (w/w, of the total composition) polysiloxane.
26. The method of claim 19 , wherein the composition comprises from 5% to 20% (w/w, of the total composition) boron constituent.
27. The method of claim 19 , wherein the alcoholic solvent is chosen from methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, amyl alcohol, pentyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, and combinations thereof.
28. The method of claim 19 , wherein the composition comprises from 15% to 30% (w/w, of the total composition) alcoholic solvent.
29. The method of claim 19 , further comprising an alkyltitanate.
30. The method of claim 29 , wherein the composition comprises from 0.5% to 3% (w/w, of the total composition) alkyltitanate.
31. The method of claim 19 , wherein the composition comprises from 0.1% to 50% (w/w, of the total composition) carbon nanofibers.
32. The method of claim 31 , wherein the composition comprises from 0.1% to 1.0% (w/w, of the total composition) carbon nanofibers.