Cells and methods for producing fatty alcohols

1. A recombinant cell for producing a fatty alcohol comprising a recombinant thioesterase gene, a recombinant acyl-CoA synthetase gene, and a recombinant acyl-CoA reductase gene, wherein the acyl-CoA reductase gene is configured to be present in the cell in exponential phase at a copy number of from 1 to 5 copies per copy of genomic DNA, wherein a gene in the cell selected from the group consisting of an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene, an enoyl-CoA hydratase gene, a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene, and a 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase gene is deleted, and wherein the recombinant cell is capable of producing a fatty alcohol.

2. The recombinant cell of claim 1 , wherein the acyl-CoA synthetase gene encodes a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12 or an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 12.

3. The recombinant cell of claim 1 , wherein the acyl-CoA synthetase gene is expressed in the recombinant cell at a level greater than 2-fold and less than 75-fold the endogenous expression level of a native acyl-CoA synthetase gene in the corresponding non-recombinant cell.

4. The recombinant cell of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant acyl-CoA reductase gene encodes an enzyme having both acyl-CoA reductase activity and aldehyde reductase activity.

5. The recombinant cell of claim 1 , further comprising a recombinant aldehyde reductase gene.

6. The recombinant cell of claim 1 , wherein the acyl-CoA reductase gene encodes a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16 or an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 16.

7. The recombinant cell of claim 1 , wherein the acyl-CoA reductase gene and the acyl-CoA synthetase gene are included in the cell at a copy ratio of from about 5:1 (acyl-CoA reductase gene:acyl-CoA synthetase gene) to about 1:1 (acyl-CoA reductase gene:acyl-CoA synthetase gene).

8. The recombinant cell of claim 1 , wherein the relative level of expression of the recombinant acyl-CoA reductase gene as determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) with respect to the level of expression of the recombinant acyl-CoA synthetase gene as determined by qPCR is the same as that obtained when the recombinant acyl-CoA reductase gene and the recombinant acyl-CoA synthetase gene are present in a copy ratio of about 5:1 (recombinant acyl-CoA reductase gene:recombinant acyl-CoA synthetase gene) to about 1:1 (recombinant acyl-CoA reductase gene:recombinant acyl-CoA synthetase gene) and the recombinant acyl-CoA reductase gene and the recombinant acyl-CoA synthetase gene each comprises the same promoter.

9. The recombinant cell of claim 1 , wherein the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene is deleted.

10. The recombinant cell of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant cell is E. coli and the gene fadE is deleted.

11. The recombinant cell of claim 1 , wherein a gene selected from the group consisting of the enoyl-CoA hydratase gene, the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene, and the 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase gene is deleted.

12. The recombinant cell of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant cell is E. coli and the genes fadA and fadI; fadB and fadJ; or fadA, fadI, fadB and fadJ are deleted.

13. The recombinant cell of claim 1 , wherein the thioesterase gene encodes a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 or an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 18.

14. The recombinant cell of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant cell is a microbial cell.

15. The recombinant cell of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant cell is a bacterial cell.

16. A method of producing a fatty alcohol comprising culturing the recombinant cell as recited in claim 1 under conditions effective to produce the fatty alcohol.

17. The method of claim 16 , comprising culturing the recombinant cell in a medium comprising a carbohydrate and no more than about 1 g L −1 dissolved, exogenous free fatty acid or salt thereof.