Systems and methods for single-molecule nucleic-acid assay platforms
Integrated circuits for a single-molecule nucleic-acid assay platform, and methods for making such circuits are disclosed. In one example, a method includes transferring one or more carbon nanotubes to a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) substrate, and forming a pair of post-processed electrodes on the substrate proximate opposing ends of the one or more carbon nanotubes.
1. An integrated circuit for a single-molecule nucleic-acid assay platform, comprising:
a CMOS substrate;
an array of single-molecule field-effect transistors (smFETs) disposed on a surface of the CMOS substrate, each smFET comprising one or more carbon nanotubes and a capture probe coupled thereto, the capture probe configured to transmit hybridization information including time information between a first captured single target nucleic acid molecule proximate thereto and a second captured single target nucleic acid molecule proximate thereto; and
at least one pair of electrodes disposed proximate opposing ends of the one or more carbon nanotubes to electrically couple the one or more carbon nanotubes to the CMOS substrate, wherein the one or more carbon nanotubes and the at least one pair of electrodes are surrounded by an electrolyte buffer.
2. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the CMOS substrate comprises a substrate having dimensions of no more than 5 mm by 5 mm.
3. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the array comprises at least 12 measurement channels.
4. The integrated circuit of claim 3 , wherein each of the measurement channels is multiplexed to at least 500 smFETs.
5. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the one or more carbon nanotubes comprises a point defect formed on a portion thereof.
6. The integrated circuit of claim 5 , wherein the point defect is configured to transmit the hybridization information for the single target nucleic acid molecule.
7. The integrated circuit of claim 2 , wherein the at least one pair of electrodes comprises titanium.
8. The integrated circuit of claim 2 , further comprising one or more reference electrodes on the substrate to allow control of an electrolytic gating potential.
9. The integrated circuit of 8 , wherein the one or more reference electrodes comprises one or more Ag/AgCl electrodes or platinum electrodes.
10. The integrated circuit of claim 2 , further comprising a ball-grid array (BGA) package coupled to the at least one pair of electrodes.
11. The integrated circuit of claim 2 , further comprising a processor coupled to the array and configured to determine a capture rate from the hybridization information.
12. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the array of single-molecule field-effect transistors (smFETs) is disposed on a top surface of the substrate and defines an exterior surface of the integrated circuit.