Development of a highly efficient second generation nicotine-conjugate vaccine to treat nicotine addiction

1. A conjugate comprising an isolated adenovirus hexon protein coupled to nicotine or a nicotine analog, wherein the conjugate does not comprise an intact adenovirus.

2. The conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the isolated adenovirus hexon protein is purified from an adenovirus.

3. The conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the isolated adenovirus hexon protein is recombinant.

4. The conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the isolated hexon protein comprises one or more additional adenovirus coat proteins.

5. The conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the isolated hexon protein is removed from all adenovirus proteins.

6. The conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the adenovirus is a human adenovirus.

7. The conjugate of claim 6 , wherein the adenovirus is a serotype 5 adenovirus.

8. The conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the isolated adenovirus hexon protein is coupled to a nicotine analog.

9. The conjugate of claim 8 , wherein the nicotine analog is N-succinyl-6-amino-(+/−)-nicotine, 6-(sigma-aminocapramido)-(+/−)-nicotine, O-succinyl-3′-hydroxymethyl-nicotine, 3′-(hydroxymethyl)-nicotine hemisuccinate, or rac 6-((trans-1-methyl-2-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)methoxy)hexanoic acid (AM1).

10. A composition comprising the conjugate of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

11. A method of inducing an immune response against nicotine in a human, which method comprises administering to a human an effective amount of the composition of claim 10 , whereby the nicotine or nicotine analog is presented to the immune system of the human to induce an immune response against nicotine in the human.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the composition is administered to the human once during a therapeutic period.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the composition is administered to the human two or more times during a therapeutic period.