Amorphous titania/carbon composite electrode materials
An isolated salt comprising a compound of formula (H 2 X)(TiO(Y) 2 ) or a hydrate thereof, wherein X is 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), and Y is oxalate anion (C 2 O 4 −2 ), when heated in an oxygen-containing atmosphere at a temperature in the range of at least about 275° C. to less than about 400° C., decomposes to form an amorphous titania/carbon composite material comprising about 40 to about 50 percent by weight titania and about 50 to about 60 percent by weight of a carbonaceous material coating the titania. Heating the composite material at a temperature of about 400 to 500° C. crystallizes the titania component to anatase. The titania materials of the invention are useful as components of the cathode or anode of a lithium or lithium ion electrochemical cell.
1. An anode for a lithium or lithium ion electrochemical cell, the anode comprising a particulate amorphous titania/carbon composite material comprising about 40 to about 50 percent by weight of amorphous titania and about 50 to about 60 percent by weight of a carbonaceous material coating the titania; wherein the amorphous titania is free from detectable crystalline forms of titania as determined by powder X-ray diffraction techniques.
2. The anode of claim 1 , which further comprises Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , additional carbon, or a combination thereof, blended with the composite material.
3. An electrochemical cell comprising the anode of claim 1 , a cathode, and a lithium ion-containing electrolyte therebetween.
4. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt in a non-aqueous liquid medium.
5. A battery comprising a plurality of electrochemical cells of claim 3 , arranged in series, in parallel, or both.