Negative active material, lithium battery including the material, and method of manufacturing the material

1. A negative active material comprising:

a crystalline carbonaceous substrate; and

nanoparticles consisting of metal oxide, the nanoparticles dispersed on a surface of the crystalline carbonaceous substrate, and the nanoparticles having a rutile phase mixed with an anatase phase,

wherein the crystalline carbonaceous substrate comprises at least one of natural graphite, artificial graphite, expandable graphite, carbon black, and fullerene soot,

wherein each of the nanoparticles is spherical and an average diameter of the metal oxide nanoparticles is about 1 nm to about 30 nm, and

wherein the nanoparticles form a coating layer having an island shape on a surface of the crystalline carbonaceous substrate.

2. The negative active material of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles comprise at least one metal oxide of a metal selected from the elements of Group 2 to Group 13.

3. The negative active material of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles comprise an oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of zirconium (Zr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), boron (B), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), and aluminum (Al).

4. The negative active material of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles consists of at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, chromium trioxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium dioxide, molybdenum trioxide, vanadium pentoxide, niobium pentoxide, and tantalum pentoxide.

5. The negative active material of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles comprise titanium oxide having a rutile structure.

6. The negative active material of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles comprise a titanium oxide having a rutile structure mixed with an anatase structure.

7. The negative active material of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline carbonaceous substrate has a spherical form, a planar form, a fiber form, a tube form, and/or a powder form.

8. The negative active material of claim 1 , wherein an average diameter of the crystalline carbonaceous substrate is about 1 μm to about 30 μm.

9. The negative active material of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the nanoparticles is about 0.01 parts by weight to about 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the crystalline carbonaceous substrate.

10. A lithium battery comprising the negative active material according to claim 1 in a negative electrode.

11. A method of preparing the negative active material of claim 1 , the method comprising:

mixing a crystalline carbonaceous substrate, a metal oxide precursor, and a solvent to prepare a mixture solution;

drying the mixture solution to prepare a dried product; and

heat treating the dried product,

wherein the heat treating is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere or an air atmosphere at a temperature of 700° C. or greater.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the metal oxide precursor is a metal salt comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), boron (B), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontinum (Sr), barium (Ba), vanadium (V,) iron (Fe), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), and aluminum (Al).

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein a weight ratio of the crystalline carbonaceous substrate to the metal oxide precursor is about 100:0.01 to about 100:20.

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the heat treating is performed in the nitrogen atmosphere or the air atmosphere at a temperature of about 700° C. to about 900° C.