Method and apparatus for virus and vaccine production
The invention concerns a bioreactor for production of virus and virus-like particles (VLPs), methods for production of virus and VLPs, methods for regulating the concentration of molecules inhibitory to viral and VLP yield in a cell culture chamber of a bioreactor, such as the extracapillary space of a hollow fiber bioreactor.
1. A method for the production of virus and virus-like particles (VLP), comprising culturing virus-infected cells in an apparatus comprising:
a hollow fiber bioreactor comprising an intracapillary space, an extracapillary space, and a hollow fiber membrane separating the intracapillary space and the extracapillary space,
an intracapillary circuit that includes the intracapillary space of the bioreactor, and
an extracapillary circuit that includes the extracapillary space of the bioreactor, wherein the cells are cultured in a culture medium in the extracapillary space of the bioreactor;
circulating the culture medium through the bioreactor, wherein the culture medium passes through the hollow fiber membrane, and
reducing the concentration of a molecule in the culture medium that is inhibitory to virus or VLP yield from the cells in the extracapillary space by:
(a) diluting or removing the inhibitory molecule from the extracapillary space, or
(b) increasing or removing culture medium from the extracapillary space, wherein the inhibitory molecule is a size that prevents passage of the inhibitory molecule through the hollow fiber membrane to the intracapillary space, or
(c) passing the culture medium through a membrane filter that specifically binds the inhibitory molecule, and recirculating the culture medium through the bioreactor.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inhibitory molecule is encoded by the virus.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inhibitory molecule is a molecule produced by the virus-infected cells.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inhibitory molecule contributes to the apoptosis of the cells before or after viral infection.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inhibitory molecule induces an interferon response from the virus-infected cells.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inhibitory molecule comprises an oxidative stress factor.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inhibitory molecule comprises a plurality of inhibitory molecules.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inhibitory molecule comprises non-structural (NS) protein, viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP), or both.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the culture conditions allow for diluting the inhibitory molecules in the cell culture medium within the first compartment.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising monitoring the concentration of the inhibitory molecule in the hollow fiber bioreactor.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said reducing comprises (a) diluting or removing the inhibitory molecule from the extracapillary space.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said reducing comprises (b) increasing or removing culture medium from the extracapillary space, wherein the inhibitory molecule is a size that prevents passage of the inhibitory molecule through the hollow fiber membrane to the intracapillary space.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said reducing comprises (c) passing the culture medium through a membrane filter that specifically binds the inhibitory molecule, and recirculating the culture medium through the bioreactor.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the extracapillary space is occupied by virus-infected cells producing virus at a rate of at least 1,000 particles per cell for budding virus or at a rate of at least 10,000 particles per cell for lytic virus.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the virus-infected cells are infected with influenza virus.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the influenza virus is strain H5N1 or strain H1N1.