Systems and methods for zero-PGM binary catalyst having Cu, Mn, and Fe for TWC applications
Variations of bulk powder catalyst material including Cu—Mn, Cu—Fe, and Fe—Mn spinel systems for ZPGM TWC applications are disclosed. The disclosed bulk powder catalyst samples include stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric Cu—Mn, Cu—Fe, and Fe—Mn spinels on Pr 6 O 11 —ZrO 2 support oxide, prepared using incipient wetness method. Activity measurements under isothermal steady state sweep test condition may be performed under rich to lean condition. Catalytic activity of samples may be compared to analyze the influence that different binary spinel system bulk powders may have on TWC performance of ZPGM materials for a plurality of TWC applications. Stoichiometric Cu—Mn, Cu—Fe, and Fe—Mn spinel systems exhibit higher catalytic activity than non-stoichiometric Cu—Mn, Cu—Fe, and Fe—Mn spinel systems. The influence of prepared Cu—Mn, Cu—Fe, and Fe—Mn spinel systems may lead into cost effective manufacturing solutions for ZPGM TWC systems.
1. A catalytic system, comprising:
a substrate;
a washcoat applied to said substrate; and
an overcoat applied to said washcoat comprising at least one support oxide and at least two catalysts applied to the at least one support oxide;
wherein the at least two catalysts have the general formula A X B 3-X O 4 , wherein X may be less than or equal to 1.5 and wherein A and B are selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, and Fe; and
wherein the at least two catalysts are substantially free of platinum group metals.
2. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the at least two catalysts are in spinel form.
3. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the at least two catalysts are stoichiometric.
4. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the at least two catalysts are non-stoichiometric.
5. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one support oxide comprises doped Zirconia.
6. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one support oxide comprises Pr 6 O 11 —ZrO 2 .
7. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein one of the at least two catalysts has the general formula Cu X Mn 3-X O 4 where 1.0≦X≦1.5, and wherein one of the at least two catalysts has the general formula Cu X Fe 3-X O 4 where 0.5≦X≦1.0.
8. The catalytic system of claim 7 , further comprising a third catalyst having the general formula Fe X Mn 3-X O 4 wherein 0≦X≦1.5.
9. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein each of the at least two catalysts is stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric.
10. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein the conversion of NO X is higher for stoichiometric spinel than for non-stoichiometric spinel.
11. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein the conversion of NO X is higher for stoichiometric spinel having a formula of Cu 1.0 Mn 2.0 O 4 than for non-stoichiometric spinel having a formula of Cu 1.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 .
12. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein the conversion of HC is higher for stoichiometric spinel having a formula of Cu 1.0 Fe 2.0 O 4 than for non-stoichiometric spinel having a formula of Cu 1.5 Fe 1.5 O 4 .
13. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein the conversion of HC is higher for stoichiometric spinel having a formula of Cu 1.0 Fe 2.0 O 4 than for non-stoichiometric spinel having a formula of Cu 0.5 Fe 2.5 O 4 .
14. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein the conversion of HC is higher for stoichiometric spinel having a formula of Fe 1.0 Mn 2.0 O 4 than for non-stoichiometric spinel having a formula selected from the group consisting of Fe 0.6 Mn 2.4 O 4 , Fe 1.2 Mn 1.8 O 4 , Mn 3 O 4 , and mixtures thereof.
15. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein an increase in the amount of Fe provides for an increase in the conversion of NO X .
16. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the at least two catalysts is Fe—Mn spinel and wherein the at least two catalysts provide for oxidation activity.
17. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises ceramics.