Graded property barriers for attenuation of shock
A barrier for reduction of a shock wave. The barrier has a spatially graded structure in which a density of the structure varies across a thickness thereof. The graded structure includes a polymer having hollow containers dispersed in the polymer to provide the density of the graded structure. The barrier can be included in at least one of 1) an explosive device, 2) a war head, 3) a demolition charge, and 4) an explosive containment. These devices have an exterior housing and at least one partitioned segment inside the housing with the partitioned segment including the barrier for reduction of the shock wave. Partitioned sections of the explosive devices are selectively or in total detonated.
1. A warhead on a missile, comprising:
an exterior housing;
a bomb comprising partitioned segments inside the housing, at least one of the partitioned segments is filled with an explosive material; and
a partition wall separating the segments to prevent detonation of adjacent segments, wherein the partition wall comprises,
a spatially graded structure in which a density of the structure varies across a thickness thereof,
said structure including a polymer having hollow containers dispersed in the polymer to provide said density of said graded structure and
a selective fuzing scheme wherein the segments filled with the explosive material are selectively initiated.
2. The warhead of claim 1 , wherein the partition wall comprises a barrier of the hollow containers comprising at least one of 1) hollow spheres, 2) glass, ceramic, or carbon shells, and 3) hollow spheres having an outside diameter of 10 to 500 μm.
3. The warhead of claim 1 , wherein the segments of explosive material comprise separate detonation initiators.
4. The warhead of claim 1 , wherein the segments of explosive material comprise one or more ports or tubes that channel reaction products between detonating and undetonated segment to initiate deflagration in the latter.
5. The warhead of claim 1 , wherein the segments are selectively initiated to produce a specific damage effect.
6. The warhead of claim 5 , wherein one or more of the partitioned segments containing explosive are combined into preformed fragments.
7. The warhead of claim 1 , wherein the spatially graded structure comprises at least one of a stepwise variation in said density or a continuous variation in said density.
8. The warhead of claim 1 , wherein the spatially graded structure is configured to attenuate pressures shock waves of magnitudes >0.1 GPa.
9. The warhead of claim 1 , wherein the spatially graded structure is configured to shield reactive materials by absorbing sufficient energy of an impinging shock wave on one side of the graded structure such that the reactive material on another side does not react.
10. The warhead of claim 1 , wherein the hollow containers comprise hollow spheres.
11. The warhead of claim 1 , wherein the hollow containers comprise at least one of glass, ceramic, or carbon shells.
12. The warhead of claim 1 , wherein the hollow containers comprise hollow spheres having an outside diameter of 10 to 500 μm.
13. The warhead of claim 1 , wherein the graded structure has an interior porosity of 10% to 35%.
14. The warhead of claim 1 , wherein the graded structure further comprises solid particles.
15. The warhead of claim 14 , wherein the solid particles comprise at least one of aluminum, iron, magnesium, titanium, or a combination thereof.
16. The warhead of claim 14 , wherein the solid particles comprise at least one of flakes, rods, tubes, balls, or spheres.
17. The warhead of claim 14 , wherein the solid particles have a size of 50 nm to 1000 nm.
18. The warhead of claim 14 , wherein the solid particles have a size of 1 μm to 500 μm.
19. The warhead of claim 14 , wherein the solid particles are non-metallic fibers.
20. The warhead of claim 19 , wherein the fibers comprise at least one of glass, carbon, basalt, aramid, or a combination thereof.