In vitro reconstituted plant virus capsids for delivering RNA genes to mammalian cells
The invention provides compositions of matter comprising a cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid protein (CCMV CP) and a ribonucleic acid, as well as methods for using such compositions. In such compositions, the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid protein envelops the ribonucleic acid so as to for a capsid that can inhibit the degradation of the ribonucleic acid (e.g. by RNAses). A method of delivering a ribonucleic acid into the cytoplasm of a mammalian cell is also provided. Typically, the method comprises the steps of combining the mammalian cell with a composition of matter described herein under conditions selected to allow the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid to contact the mammalian cell and deliver the ribonucleic acid into the cytoplasm of a mammalian cell.
1. A method of delivering a ribonucleic acid into the cytoplasm of a mammalian cell, the method comprising:
(a) combining the mammalian cell with a composition comprising a ribonucleic acid enveloped by a cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid; wherein:
the composition is formed by combining cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid protein and ribonucleic acid in vitro, wherein the relative amounts of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid protein and ribonucleic acid are selected so that there are at least 10 cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid proteins for every 100 nucleotides of ribonucleic acid length;
the ribonucleic acid is at least 100 nucleotides in length;
the ribonucleic acid is not a cowpea chlorotic mottle virus ribonucleic acid; and
the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid protein envelops the ribonucleic acid so as to inhibit RNAse nuclease degradation of the ribonucleic acid; and
(b) allowing the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid to contact the mammalian cell and deliver the ribonucleic acid into the cytoplasm of a mammalian cell.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ribonucleic acid encodes at least one polypeptide that is expressed in the mammalian cell following delivery of the ribonucleic acid into the cytoplasm of the mammalian cell.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the ribonucleic acid encodes a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the ribonucleic acid encodes a polypeptide selected for its ability to facilitate imaging of the mammalian cell.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the ribonucleic acid encodes a polypeptide useful in a therapeutic regimen.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid protein is coupled to a polypeptide selected for its ability to bind a molecule expressed on the surface of the mammalian cell.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mammalian cell is a cancer cell.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ribonucleic acid does not include a signal sequence that modulates packaging of the ribonucleic acid by the capsid proteins.