Polyetherimides, methods of manufacture, and articles formed therefrom
A polyetherimide manufactured by reaction of an alkali metal salt of a dihydroxy aromatic compound of the formula MO—Z—OM wherein M is an alkali metal salt and Z is an aromatic C 6-24 monocyclic or polycyclic moiety optionally substituted with 1 to 6 C 1-8 alkyl groups, 1 to 8 halogen atoms, or a combination thereof, with a bis(halophthalimide) composition comprising, based on the weight of the bis(halophthalimide) composition, from more than 45 to less than 75 weight percent of a 3,3′-bis(halophthalimide) of the formula less than 10 weight percent of a 3,4′-bis(halophthalimide) of the formula and from more than 45 to less than 75 weight percent of a (4,4′-bis(halophthalimide) of the formula
1. A method for the manufacture of a bis(halophthalimide) composition from a combination of a 4-halophthalic anhydride isomer of the formula
and a 3-halophthalic anhydride isomer of the formula
wherein X is a halogen, in a ratio of the 4-halophthalic anhydride to 3-halophthalic anhydride of 90:10 to 10:90, and wherein one of the isomers is a first isomer and the other is a second isomer, the method comprising
reacting at least 80 mole percent of the total amount of the first isomer with a diamine of the formula
H 2 N—R—NH 2
wherein R is selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a halogenated derivative thereof, a straight or branched chain alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a divalent group of the formula
wherein Q 1 is selected from —O—, —S—, —C(O)—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, —C y H 2y — wherein y is 1 to 5, and a halogenated derivative thereof, to form a bis(halophthalimide) to form a reaction mixture comprising a bis(halophthalimide); and
adding the second isomer and 0-20 mole percent of the total amount of the first isomer and another portion of the diamine to the reaction mixture, to form a bis(halophthalimide) composition comprising, based on the total weight of the composition,
from more than 45 to less than 75 weight percent of a 3,3′-bis(halophthalimide) of the formula
less than 10 weight percent of a 4,3′-bis(halophthalimide) of the formula
and
from more than 45 to less than 75 weight percent of a (4,4′-bis(halophthalimide) of the formula
wherein X and R are as defined above.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein X is chlorine.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein
X is chlorine; and
R is a divalent group of formula
wherein Q 1 is —O—, —S—, —C(O)—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, or —C y H 2y — wherein y is an integer from 1 to 5.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein Z is 2,2-(4-phenylene)isopropylidene and R is m-phenylene, p-phenylene, p-phenylene diarylsulfone, or a combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bis(halophthalimide) composition comprises
from 45 to less than 55 weight percent of the (3,3′-bis(halophthalimide),
less than 10 weight percent of the 3,4′-bis(halophthalimide), and
from 45 to 55 weight percent of the 4,4′-bis(halophthalimide).
6. A method for the manufacture of a polyetherimide composition, the method comprising:
forming a bis(halophthalimide) composition according to the method of claim 1 ;
reacting, in the presence of a catalytically active amount of a phase transfer catalyst, an alkali metal salt of a dihydroxy aromatic compound of the formula
MO—Z—OM
wherein M is an alkali metal salt and Z is an aromatic C 6-24 monocyclic or polycyclic moiety optionally substituted with 1 to 6 C 1-8 alkyl groups, 1 to 8 halogen atoms, or a combination thereof, with the bis(halophthalimide) composition, wherein the bis(halophthalimide) composition comprises, based on the weight of the bis(halophthalimide) composition,
from more than 45 to less than 75 weight percent of a 3,3′-bis(halophthalimide) of the formula
less than 10 weight percent of a 4,3′-bis(halophthalimide) of the formula
and
from more than 45 to less than 75 weight percent of a (4,4′-bis(halophthalimide) of the formula
wherein each R is selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a halogenated derivative thereof, a straight or branched chain alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a divalent group of the formula
wherein Q 1 is selected from —O—, —S—, —C(O)—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, —C y H 2y — wherein y is 1 to 5, and a halogenated derivative thereof, to form a polyetherimide of the formula
wherein n is greater than 1, each R is the same or different, each Z is the same or different, and are as defined above, and the divalent bonds between the —O—Z—O— group and the phenyl substituents are in the 3,3′, 3,4′, 4,3′, and 4,4′ positions.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the polyetherimide has
a heat deflection temperature of at least 218° C., determined by DMA on a film sample
a heat deflection temperature at least 10° C. higher than a heat deflection temperature of the same polyetherimide manufactured using a bis(halophthalimide) composition comprising more than 10 weight percent of 3,4′-bis(halophthalimide), each determined DMA on a film sample,
at least 20% lower stiffness than the stiffness of the same polyetherimide manufactured using the bis(halophthalimide) composition comprising more than 10 weight percent of 3,4′-bis(halophthalimide), each determined by DMA over 30° C. to 110° C., on a film sample, and
a ratio of a low shear rate viscosity to a high shear rate viscosity that is at least 30% higher than the same ratio of the same polyetherimide manufactured using the bis(halophthalimide) composition comprising more than 10 weight percent of 3,4′-bis(halophthalimide) and more than 55 weight percent of the 4,4′-bis(halophthalimide), each determined by parallel plate rheometry.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the polyetherimide comprises less than 3000 parts per million of a halide, based on the total parts of the polyetherimide.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the polyetherimide comprises less than 5 weight percent of a cyclic byproduct, based on the total weight of the polyetherimide.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein the bis(halophthalimide) composition comprises
from 45 to less than 55 weight percent of the (3,3′-bis(halophthalimide),
less than 10 weight percent of the 3,4′-bis(halophthalimide), and
from 45 to 55 weight percent of the 4,4′-bis(halophthalimide).
11. The method of claim 6 , wherein
M is sodium,
Z is a divalent radical of the formula
wherein Q is selected from —O—, —S—, —C(O)—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, —C y H 2y — wherein y is an integer from 1 to 5, and a halogenated derivative thereof; and
R is a divalent group of formula
wherein Q 1 is —O—, —S—, —C(O)—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, or —C y H 2y — wherein y is an integer from 1 to 5.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein Z is 2,2-(4-phenylene)isopropylidene and R is m-phenylene, p-phenylene, p-phenylene diarylsulfone, or a combination thereof.
13. A method for the manufacture of a polyetherimide composition, the method comprising:
forming a bis(halophthalimide) composition according to the method of claim 2 ; and
reacting, in the presence of a catalytically active amount of a phase transfer catalyst, an alkali metal salt of a dihydroxy aromatic compound of the formula
MO—Z—OM
wherein M is an alkali metal salt and Z is an aromatic C 6-24 monocyclic or polycyclic moiety optionally substituted with 1 to 6 C 1-8 alkyl groups, 1 to 8 halogen atoms, or a combination thereof, with
the bis(chlorophthalimide) composition, wherein the bis(chlorophthalimide) composition comprises, based on the weight of the bis(chlorophthalimide) composition,
from more than 45 to less than 75 weight percent of a 3,3′-bis(chlorophthalimide) of the formula
less than 10 weight percent of a 3,4′-bis(chlorophthalimide) of the formula
and
from more than 45 to less than 75 weight percent of a (4,4′-bis(chlorophthalimide) of the formula
wherein each R is selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a halogenated derivative thereof, a straight or branched chain alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a divalent group of the formula
wherein Q 1 is selected from —O—, —S—, —C(O)—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, and —C y H 2y — wherein y is 1 to 5 and a halogenated derivative thereof, to form a polyetherimide of the formula
wherein n is greater than 1, each R is the same or different, each Z is the same or different, and are as defined above, and the divalent bonds between the —O—Z—O— group and the phenyl substituents are in the 3,3′, 3,4′, 4,3′, and 4,4′ positions.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the polyetherimide has
a heat deflection temperature of at least 218° C., determined by DMA on a film sample
a heat deflection temperature at least 10° C. higher than the heat deflection temperature of the same polyetherimide manufactured using a bis(chlorophthalimide) composition comprising more than 10 weight percent of 3,4′-bis(chlorophthalimide), each determined by DMA on a film sample,
at least 30% lower stiffness than the stiffness of the same polyetherimide manufactured using the bis(chlorophthalimide) composition comprising more than 10 weight percent of 3,4′-bis(chlorophthalimide), each determined by DMA over 30° C. to 110° C., on a film sample, and
a ratio of low shear rate viscosity to high shear rate viscosity that is at least 30% higher than the same ratio of the same polyetherimide manufactured using the bis(chlorophthalimide) composition comprising more than 10 weight percent of 3,4′-bis(chlorophthalimide) and more than 55 weight percent of the 4,4′-bis(chlorophthalimide), each determined by parallel plate rheometry.
15. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the polyetherimide comprises less than 3000 parts per million of chloride, based on the total parts of the polyetherimide.
16. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the polyetherimide comprises less than 5 weight percent of a cyclic byproduct of the alkali metal salt and the bis(halophthalimide), based on the total weight of the polyetherimide.
17. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the bis(chlorophthalimide) composition comprises
from 45 to 55 weight percent of the (3,3′-bis(chlorophthalimide),
less than 10 weight percent of the 4,3′-bis(chlorophthalimide), and
from 45 to 55 weight percent of the 4,4′-bis(chlorophthalimide).
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein
M is sodium,
Z is a divalent radical of the formula
wherein Q is selected from —O—, —S—, —C(O)—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, —C y H 2y — wherein y is an integer from 1 to 5, and a halogenated derivative thereof; and
R is a divalent group of formula
wherein Q 1 is —O—, —S—, —C(O)—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, or —C y H 2y — wherein y is an integer from 1 to 5.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein Z is 2,2-(4-phenylene)isopropylidene and R is m-phenylene, p-phenylene, p-phenylene diarylsulfone, or a combination thereof.