Energy efficient solvent regeneration process for carbon dioxide capture
A process for removing carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide-loaded solvent uses two stages of flash apparatus. Carbon dioxide is flashed from the solvent at a higher temperature and pressure in the first stage, and a lower temperature and pressure in the second stage, and is fed to a multi-stage compression train for high pressure liquefaction. Because some of the carbon dioxide fed to the compression train is already under pressure, less energy is required to further compress the carbon dioxide to a liquid state, compared to conventional processes.
1. A process for removing carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide-loaded solvent having a first carbon dioxide content, comprising the steps of:
applying a first pressure of at least about four atmospheres and no more than 10 atmospheres to the carbon dioxide-loaded solvent and heating the carbon dioxide-loaded solvent to a first temperature;
feeding the carbon dioxide-loaded solvent to a first stage flash apparatus;
flashing carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide-loaded solvent in the first stage flash apparatus to yield a first treated solvent having a second carbon dioxide content that is lower than the first carbon dioxide content and a first carbon dioxide-containing gas stream;
removing the first carbon dioxide-containing gas stream from the first stage flash apparatus;
feeding the first treated solvent to a second stage flash apparatus at a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature and a second pressure that is lower than the first pressure;
flashing carbon dioxide from the first treated solvent in the second stage flash apparatus to yield a second treated solvent having a third carbon dioxide content that is lower than the second carbon dioxide content, and a second carbon dioxide-containing gas stream;
removing the second carbon dioxide-containing gas stream from the second stage flash apparatus; and
recovering the second treated solvent from the second stage flash apparatus.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature is at least about 125° C.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature is at least about 135° C. and the first pressure is at least about eight atmospheres.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second temperature is not more than about 120° C. and the second pressure is not more than about three atmospheres.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second temperature is not more than about 110° C. and the second pressure is not more than about 1.5 atmospheres.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first carbon dioxide content is at least about 8% by weight.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second carbon dioxide content is not more than about 6% by weight.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the third carbon dioxide content is not more than about 4% by weight.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first stage flash apparatus comprises a reboiler.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second stage flash apparatus comprises a flash tank.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbon dioxide-loaded solvent comprises a solvent selected from the group consisting of aqueous ammonia, amine-based solvents, aqueous potassium carbonate, and combinations thereof.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbon dioxide-loaded solvent comprises activated N-methyl diethanolamine.
13. A process for removing carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide-loaded solvent having a first carbon dioxide content, comprising the steps of:
heating the carbon dioxide-loaded solvent to a first temperature of at least about 125° C. and creating a first pressure of at least about four atmospheres and no more than 10 atmospheres;
feeding the carbon dioxide-loaded solvent to a first stage reboiler;
flashing carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide-loaded solvent in the first stage reboiler to yield a first treated solvent having a second carbon dioxide content that is lower than the first carbon dioxide content and a first carbon dioxide-containing gas stream;
removing the first carbon dioxide-containing gas stream from the first stage reboiler;
feeding the first treated solvent to a second stage flash tank at a second temperature that is not more than about 120° C. and a second pressure that is at least about 40% less than the first pressure;
flashing carbon dioxide from the first treated solvent in the second stage flash tank to yield a second treated solvent having a third carbon dioxide content that is lower than the second carbon dioxide content and a second carbon dioxide-containing gas stream;
removing the second carbon dioxide-containing gas stream from the second stage flash tank; and
recovering the second treated solvent from the second stage flash tank.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the first temperature is at least about 135° C. and the first pressure is at least about eight atmospheres.
15. The process of claim 13 , wherein the second temperature is not more than about 110° C. and the second pressure is not more than about three atmospheres.
16. The process of claim 13 , further comprising the steps of:
feeding the first carbon dioxide-containing gas stream to the second stage of a multi-stage compression train;
feeding the second carbon dioxide-containing gas stream to the first stage of the multi-stage compression train; and
compressing the first and second carbon dioxide-containing gas streams.
17. The process of claim 13 , further comprising the steps of:
feeding the first carbon dioxide-containing gas stream to the third stage of a multi-stage compression train;
feeding the second carbon dioxide-containing gas stream to the first stage of the multi-stage compression train; and
compressing the first and second carbon dioxide-containing gas streams.
18. A process for removing carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide-loaded solvent having a first carbon dioxide content, comprising the steps of:
flashing carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide-loaded solvent in a first stage flash apparatus to yield a first treated solvent having a second carbon dioxide content that is lower than the first carbon dioxide content and a first carbon dioxide-containing gas stream, wherein the first carbon dioxide-containing stream is at a pressure of at least six atmospheres and at a temperature at or slightly above ambient; and
flashing carbon dioxide from the first treated solvent in a second stage flash apparatus to yield a second treated solvent having a third carbon dioxide content that is lower than the second carbon dioxide content and a second carbon dioxide-containing gas stream.
19. The process of claim 18 , further comprising the step of:
feeding the first carbon dioxide-containing gas stream to the second stage of a multi-stage compression train;
feeding the second carbon dioxide-containing gas stream to the first stage of the multi-stage compression train; and
compressing the first and second carbon dioxide-containing gas streams.
20. The process of claim 18 , further comprising the steps of:
feeding the first carbon dioxide-containing gas stream to the third stage of a multi-stage compression train;
feeding the second carbon dioxide-containing gas stream to the first stage of the multi-stage compression train; and
compressing the first and second carbon dioxide-containing gas streams.