Time of flight camera system which resolves direct and multi-path radiation components

1. A time of flight camera system arranged to resolve a direct path component or a multi-path component of modulated radiation reflected from a target, the camera system comprising:

a time of flight transmitter arranged to transmit modulated radiation at the target;

at least one pattern application structure operating between the transmitter and the target, the pattern application structure operating to apply at least one structured light pattern to the modulated transmitter radiation; and

an image sensor configured to measure radiation reflected from the target,

the time of flight camera being arranged to resolve from the measurements received the contribution of direct source reflection radiation reflected from the target.

2. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a processor arranged to receive the image sensor measurements and being programmed to resolve from the measurements received the direct source reflection radiation, the multi-path component radiation, and/or the relative contributions of direct and multi-path radiation.

3. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said at least one pattern application structure is arranged to apply a plurality of structured light patterns to the modulated transmitter radiation, said plurality of structured light patterns being generated using an initial pattern operated on by a similar type of waveform to that used to modulate the transmitter radiation.

4. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the waveform used to modulate the transmitter radiation and generate a structured light pattern are derived from the same basis function allowing the direct source reflection radiation and the multi-path component radiation to be decoded into orthogonal mathematical spaces.

5. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 4 , wherein a sinusoidal basis function is used, and a sinusoidal or square waveform is used to modulate the transmitter radiation and generate a structured light pattern applied to the transmitter radiation.

6. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said at least one pattern application structure is arranged to apply an initial pattern and the inverse form of same initial pattern.

7. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the inverse form of same initial pattern is applied with modulated radiation which is phase shifted from the modulated radiation used to apply the initial pattern.

8. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said at least one pattern application structure is formed by at least one engineered diffuser.

9. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said at least one pattern application structure is formed by a micro-mirror array projector.

10. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pattern application structure operates on the modulated transmitter radiation, resulting in at least a portion of a scene of interest being illuminated by radiation defining the structured light pattern where this radiation is also modulated by a source modulation frequency.

11. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the time of flight transmitter illuminates at least 50% of the scene containing the target.

12. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the time of flight transmitter illuminates all of the scene containing the target.

13. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pattern applied exhibits spatial variation between component pixels making up the pattern.

14. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pattern applied by the structure varies with time.

15. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 14 , wherein a pattern application structure is configured to encode a pattern made up by a plurality of pixels where the value of the pattern encoded on at least one pixel varies to encode a different pattern over time.

16. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 15 , wherein a single pixel is encoded with a pattern value which varies over time in accordance with the waveform derived from the same basis function as that used to modulate the transmitter illumination signal.

17. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 14 , wherein an initial pattern is translated spatially and applied as a different pattern to the modulated radiation.

18. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 1 , which includes two or more pattern application structures, each of which encodes one of a plurality of structured light patterns in the modulated illumination signal, the pattern applied by a pattern application structure using a different orthogonal coding to that used by another pattern application structure.

19. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the transmitted radiation has a different modulation frequency for each projected pattern.

20. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the transmitted radiation has a different modulation phase step sequence for each projected pattern.

21. The time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the transmitted radiation is encoded with a different pseudo-random sequence, Walsh-Hadamard code or equivalent, in time for each projected pattern.

22. A method of resolving the direct path component or the multi-path component of modulated radiation reflected from a target by a time of flight camera system, including the steps of:

i. illuminating a target to be imaged with a modulated light beam which encodes a first structured light pattern;

ii. capturing a first image of the illuminated target with an image capture device, the image captured defining a pixel surface made up from a plurality of pixels;

iii. illuminating a target to be imaged with a plurality of modulated light beams which encode different structured light patterns;

iv. capturing further images of the target illuminated by a series of different encodings of structured light patterns; and

v. calculating the contribution of direct source reflection radiation or the contribution of multi-path component radiation.

23. The method of resolving the direct path component or the multi-path component of modulated radiation reflected from a target by a time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 22 , wherein the target is illuminated at the same time with modulated light beams which encode different structured light patterns, each of said modulated light beams having a structured light pattern encoded with a different orthogonal coding.

24. The method of resolving the direct path component or the multi-path component of modulated radiation reflected from a target by a time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 22 , wherein the target is illuminated at different times with modulated light beams which encode different structured light patterns.

25. The method of resolving the direct path component or the multi-path component of modulated radiation reflected from a target by a time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 22 , wherein an image of the target is captured of the target illuminated with the inverse form of the first structured light pattern, the inverse form of first structured light pattern being applied with modulated radiation which is phase shifted from the modulated radiation used to apply the first structured light pattern.

26. The method of resolving the direct path component or the multi-path component of modulated radiation reflected from a target by a time of flight camera system as claimed in claim 25 , wherein the contribution of direct source reflection radiation is calculated by adding the image values measured for an applied structured light pattern to the image values measured for the inverse form of the same applied structured light pattern.

27. The non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with a computer program code for time of flight range imaging, the program code including instructions for:

causing a modulated illumination signal to be emitted;

causing at least one pattern application structure to apply a plurality of structured light patterns to the modulated illumination signal;

causing an image sensor to capture a plurality of images of reflections of the modulated illumination signal for a plurality of pixels of the image sensor; and

resolving the contribution of direct source reflection radiation or the contribution of multi-path component radiation from the captured images at each of the plurality of pixels.

28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with a computer program code as claimed in claim 27 , wherein the code causes an image to be captured of the target illuminated by first structured light pattern and the inverse form of the first structured light pattern.

29. The non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with a computer program code as claimed in claim 28 , wherein the code causes the inverse form of first structured light pattern to be applied with a modulated illumination signal which is phase shifted from the modulated illumination signal used to apply the first structured light pattern.

30. A processor-readable medium having stored thereon processor-executable instructions which when executed by a processor perform a method as claimed in claim 22 .