Flowable chips and methods for the preparation and use of same, and apparatus for use in the methods
A method for recharging a crucible with polycrystalline silicon comprises adding flowable chips to a crucible used in a Czochralski-type process. Flowable chips are polycrystalline silicon particles made from polycrystalline silicon prepared by a chemical vapor deposition process, and flowable chips have a controlled particle size distribution, generally nonspherical morphology, low levels of bulk impurities, and low levels of surface impurities. Flowable chips can be added to the crucible using conventional feeder equipment, such as vibration feeder systems and canister feeder systems.
1. A solar cell casting process comprising:
1) melting silicon comprising flowable chips to form molten silicon,
where said flowable chips comprising polycrystalline silicon pieces are prepared by a chemical vapor deposition process and have a controlled particle size distribution, where at least 75% of the particles have a particle size of 0.2 to 45 mm, generally nonspherical morphology, a level of bulk impurities not exceeding 0.03 ppma, and a level of surface impurities not exceeding 15 ppba,
2) pouring the molten silicon into a heated mold, and
3) allowing the molten silicon to slowly cool and solidify.
2. The process of claim 1 where the melting of the silicon comprising flowable chips is in a crucible.
3. A method comprising:
a) pulling a silicon ingot from a crucible in a Czochralski-type process;
b) adding flowable chips to molten silicon in the crucible, where flowable chips comprise polycrystalline silicon pieces prepared by a chemical vapor deposition process and have a controlled particle size distribution, generally nonspherical morphology, low levels of bulk impurities, and low levels of surface impurities; and
c) optionally adding a dopant to the crucible.
4. A method comprising:
1) introducing a semiconductive material comprising flowable chips into a casting mold comprising walls defining a desired cross sectional-shape,
said flowable chips comprising polycrystalline silicon pieces prepared by a chemical vapor deposition process and having a controlled particle size distribution, where at least 75% of the particles have a particle size of 0.2 to 45 mm, generally nonspherical morphology, a level of bulk impurities not exceeding 0.03 ppma, and a level of surface impurities not exceeding 15 ppba,
2) melting the semiconductive material, and
3) solidifying the semiconductive material after step 2) to produce a cast ingot having the desired cross sectional-shape.