Multiple-state, switch-mode power amplifier systems and methods of their operation
An embodiment of an amplifier includes N (N>1) switch-mode power amplifier (SMPA) branches. Each SMPA branch includes two drive signal inputs and one SMPA branch output. A module coupled to the amplifier samples an input RF signal, and produces combinations of drive signals based on the samples. When an SMPA branch receives a first combination of drive signals, it produces an output signal at one voltage level. Conversely, when the SMPA branch receives a different second combination of drive signals, it produces the output signal at another voltage level. At least two of the SMPA branches produce output signals having different absolute magnitudes. A combiner combines the output signals from all of the SMPA branches to produce a combined output signal that may have, at any given time, one of 2*N+1 quantization states.
1. An amplifier comprising:
a number, N, of switch-mode power amplifier (SMPA) branches, wherein the SMPA branches include at least:
a first SMPA branch that includes
two first drive signal inputs, and
a first SMPA branch output, wherein
in response to receiving a first combination of drive signals at the two first drive signal inputs, the first SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the first SMPA branch output, a first SMPA branch output signal at a first voltage level, and
in response to receiving a different second combination of drive signals at the two first drive signal inputs, the first SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the first SMPA branch output, the first SMPA branch output signal at a different second voltage level;
a second SMPA branch that includes
two second drive signal inputs, and
a second SMPA branch output, wherein
in response to receiving the first combination of drive signals at the two second drive signal inputs, the second SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the second SMPA branch output, a second SMPA branch output signal at a different third voltage level, and
in response to receiving the different second combination of drive signals at the two second drive signal inputs, the second SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the second SMPA branch output, the second SMPA branch output signal at a different fourth voltage level; and
a module with a radio frequency (RF) signal input and 2*N drive signal outputs, wherein each drive signal output is coupled to a different one of the 2*N drive signal inputs, and wherein the module is configured to receive an input RF signal at the RF signal input, to sample the input RF signal, resulting in a sequence of samples, and to provide, at the 2*N drive signal outputs, the drive signals to each of the N SMPA branches, wherein the states of the drive signals at any given time depend on the magnitude of a sample that is being processed by the module.
2. The amplifier of claim 1 , wherein:
the first and second SMPA branches are controlled so that only one of the first and second SMPA branches outputs a non-zero SMPA branch output signal at a time; and
the N SMPA branches further comprise a third SMPA branch that includes
two third drive signal inputs, and
a third SMPA branch output, wherein
in response to receiving the first combination of drive signals at the two third drive signal inputs, the third SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the third SMPA branch output, a third SMPA branch output signal at the first voltage level, and
in response to receiving the different second combination of drive signals at the two third drive signal inputs, the third SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the third SMPA branch output, the third SMPA branch output signal at the second voltage level.
3. The amplifier of claim 2 , further comprising:
a combiner with N combiner inputs, a combiner output, a summing node, and a phase transformer, wherein
each of the combiner inputs is coupled to a different SMPA branch output of one of the N SMPA branches, and the combiner is configured to combine together the SMPA branch output signal from all of the N SMPA branches to produce, at the combiner output, a combined output signal,
the first and second SMPA branch outputs are coupled to the summing node,
the summing node is coupled to the combiner output,
a first terminal of the phase transformer is coupled to the summing node, and
a second terminal of the phase transformer is coupled to the third SMPA branch output, and wherein the phase transformer is configured to apply a phase delay to the third SMPA branch output signal so that the third SMPA branch output signal combines in phase at the summing node to with the first SMPA branch output signal and the second SMPA branch output signal.
4. The amplifier of claim 3 , further comprising:
a reconstruction filter coupled to the combiner output, wherein the reconstruction filter is configured to band-pass filter the combined output signal.
5. The amplifier of claim 2 ,
wherein the module provides the drive signals so that only one of the first and second SMPA branches outputs a non-zero SMPA branch output signal at any given time.
6. The amplifier of claim 5 , wherein the module provides the drive signals so that the combiner will produce the combined output signal as a signal that is, at any given time, at one of 2*N+1 non-uniform quantization states.
7. The amplifier of claim 5 , wherein the module provides the drive signals so that the combiner will produce the combined output signal as a signal that is, at any given time, at one of 2*N+1 uniform quantization states.
8. The amplifier of claim 1 , wherein:
the first SMPA branch comprises a first SMPA, a second SMPA, and a first tapped transformer, wherein an input of the first SMPAs is coupled to one of the two first drive signal inputs, an input of the second SMPA is coupled to another one of the two first drive signal inputs, an output of the first SMPA is coupled to a first end of a first coil of the first tapped transformer, an output of the second SMPA is coupled to a second end of the first coil of the first tapped transformer, a first DC voltage is coupled to a tap of the first coil of the first tapped transformer, and a second coil of the first tapped transformer is coupled to the first SMPA branch output; and
the second SMPA branch comprises a third SMPA, a fourth SMPA, and a second tapped transformer, wherein an input of the third SMPAs is coupled to one of the two second drive signal inputs, an input of the fourth SMPA is coupled to another one of the two second drive signal inputs, an output of the third SMPA is coupled to a first end of a first coil of the second tapped transformer, an output of the fourth SMPA is coupled to a second end of the first coil of the second tapped transformer, a second DC voltage that is different from the first DC voltage is coupled to a tap of the first coil of the second tapped transformer, and a second coil of the second tapped transformer is coupled to the second SMPA branch output.
9. The amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the first voltage level has a smaller absolute magnitude than the third voltage level, the second voltage level has a smaller absolute magnitude than the fourth voltage level, and the smaller absolute magnitudes are achieved by selecting one or more of a particular size ratio between SMPAs of the first and second SMPA branches, different DC voltages provided to the first and second SMPA branches, and a particular turns ratio for transformers of the first and second SMPA branches.
10. An amplifier comprising:
a module with a radio frequency (RF) signal input and 2*N drive signal outputs, wherein N is greater than one, and wherein the module is configured to receive an input RF signal at the RF signal input, to sample the input RF signal, resulting in a sequence of samples, and to provide, at the 2*N drive signal outputs, drive signals to each of N switch-mode power amplifier (SMPA) branches, wherein the states of the drive signals at any given time depend on the magnitude of a sample that is being processed by the module;
the N SMPA branches, wherein the SMPA branches include at least:
a first SMPA branch that includes
two first drive signal inputs, and
a first SMPA branch output, wherein
in response to receiving a first combination of drive signals at the two first drive signal inputs, the first SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the first SMPA branch output, a first SMPA branch output signal at a first voltage level, and
in response to receiving a different second combination of drive signals at the two first drive signal inputs, the first SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the first SMPA branch output, the first SMPA branch output signal at a different second voltage level; and
a second SMPA branch that includes
two second drive signal inputs, and
a second SMPA branch output, wherein
in response to receiving the first combination of drive signals at the two second drive signal inputs, the second SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the second SMPA branch output, a second SMPA branch output signal at a different third voltage level, and
in response to receiving the different second combination of drive signals at the two second drive signal inputs, the second SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the second SMPA branch output, the second SMPA branch output signal at a different fourth voltage level; and
a combiner with N combiner inputs and a combiner output, wherein each of the combiner inputs is coupled to a different one of N SMPA branch outputs from the N SMPA branches, and the combiner is configured to combine together the SMPA branch output signal from all of the N SMPA branches to produce, at the combiner output, a combined output signal, wherein the combined output signal may have, at any given time, one of 2*N+1 quantization states.
11. The amplifier of claim 10 , wherein:
the first and second SMPA branches are controlled so that only one of the first and second SMPA branches outputs a non-zero SMPA branch output signal at a time; and
the N SMPA branches further comprise a third SMPA branch that includes
two third drive signal inputs, and
a third SMPA branch output, wherein
in response to receiving the first combination of drive signals at the two third drive signal inputs, the third SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the third SMPA branch output, a third SMPA branch output signal at the first voltage level, and
in response to receiving the different second combination of drive signals at the two third drive signal inputs, the third SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the third SMPA branch output, the third SMPA branch output signal at the second voltage level.
12. The amplifier of claim 11 , wherein:
the combiner further comprises a summing node and a phase transformer,
the first and second SMPA branch outputs are coupled to the summing node,
the summing node is coupled to the combiner output,
a first terminal of the phase transformer is coupled to the summing node, and
a second terminal of the phase transformer is coupled to the third SMPA branch output, and wherein the phase transformer is configured to apply a phase delay to the third SMPA branch output signal so that the third SMPA branch output signal combines in phase at the summing node to with the first SMPA branch output signal and the second SMPA branch output signal.
13. The amplifier of claim 10 , wherein the module provides the drive signals so that only one of the first and second SMPA branches outputs a non-zero SMPA branch output signal at any given time.
14. The amplifier of claim 10 , wherein the module provides the drive signals so that the combiner will produce the combined output signal as a signal that is, at any given time, at one of 2*N+1 non-uniform quantization states.
15. The amplifier of claim 10 , wherein the module provides the drive signals so that the combiner will produce the combined output signal as a signal that is, at any given time, at one of 2*N+1 uniform quantization states.
16. An amplifier comprising:
a module with a radio frequency (RF) signal input and 2*N drive signal outputs, wherein N is greater than one, and wherein the module is configured to receive an input RF signal at the RF signal input, to sample the input RF signal, resulting in a sequence of samples, and to provide, at the 2*N drive signal outputs, drive signals to each of N switch-mode power amplifier (SMPA) branches, wherein the states of the drive signals at any given time depend on the magnitude of a sample that is being processed by the module;
the N SMPA branches, wherein the SMPA branches include at least:
a first SMPA branch that comprises
two first drive signal inputs,
a first SMPA branch output,
a first SMPA,
a second SMPA, and
a first tapped transformer, wherein an input of the first SMPAs is coupled to one of the two first drive signal inputs, an input of the second SMPA is coupled to another one of the two first drive signal inputs, an output of the first SMPA is coupled to a first end of a first coil of the first tapped transformer, an output of the second SMPA is coupled to a second end of the first coil of the first tapped transformer, a first DC voltage is coupled to a tap of the first coil of the first tapped transformer, and a second coil of the first tapped transformer is coupled to the first SMPA branch output,
wherein, in response to receiving a first combination of drive signals at the two first drive signal inputs, the first SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the first SMPA branch output, a first SMPA branch output signal at a first voltage level, and
in response to receiving a different second combination of drive signals at the two first drive signal inputs, the first SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the first SMPA branch output, the first SMPA branch output signal at a different second voltage level, and
a second SMPA branch that comprises
two second drive signal inputs,
a second SMPA branch output,
a third SMPA,
a fourth SMPA, and
a second tapped transformer, wherein an input of the third SMPAs is coupled to one of the two second drive signal inputs, an input of the fourth SMPA is coupled to another one of the two second drive signal inputs, an output of the third SMPA is coupled to a first end of a first coil of the second tapped transformer, an output of the fourth SMPA is coupled to a second end of the first coil of the second tapped transformer, a second DC voltage that is different from the first DC voltage is coupled to a tap of the first coil of the second tapped transformer, and a second coil of the second tapped transformer is coupled to the second SMPA branch output,
wherein, in response to receiving the first combination of drive signals at the two second drive signal inputs, the second SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the second SMPA branch output, a second SMPA branch output signal at a different third voltage level, and
in response to receiving the different second combination of drive signals at the two second drive signal inputs, the second SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the second SMPA branch output, the second SMPA branch output signal at a different fourth voltage level; and
a combiner with N combiner inputs and a combiner output, wherein each of the combiner inputs is coupled to a different one of N SMPA branch outputs from the N SMPA branches, and the combiner is configured to combine together the SMPA branch output signal from all of the N SMPA branches to produce, at the combiner output, a combined output signal, wherein the combined output signal may have, at any given time, one of 2*N+1 quantization states.
17. An amplifier comprising:
a module with a radio frequency (RF) signal input and 2*N drive signal outputs, wherein N is greater than one, and wherein the module is configured to receive an input RF signal at the RF signal input, to sample the input RF signal, resulting in a sequence of samples, and to provide, at the 2*N drive signal outputs, drive signals to each of N switch-mode power amplifier (SMPA) branches, wherein the states of the drive signals at any given time depend on the magnitude of a sample that is being processed by the module;
the N SMPA branches, wherein the SMPA branches include at least:
a first SMPA branch that includes
two first drive signal inputs, and
a first SMPA branch output, wherein
in response to receiving a first combination of drive signals at the two first drive signal inputs, the first SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the first SMPA branch output, a first SMPA branch output signal at a first voltage level, and
in response to receiving a different second combination of drive signals at the two first drive signal inputs, the first SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the first SMPA branch output, the first SMPA branch output signal at a different second voltage level, and
a second SMPA branch that includes
two second drive signal inputs, and
a second SMPA branch output, wherein
in response to receiving the first combination of drive signals at the two second drive signal inputs, the second SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the second SMPA branch output, a second SMPA branch output signal at a different third voltage level, and
in response to receiving the different second combination of drive signals at the two second drive signal inputs, the second SMPA branch is configured to produce, at the second SMPA branch output, the second SMPA branch output signal at a different fourth voltage level, wherein the first voltage level has a smaller absolute magnitude than the third voltage level, the second voltage level has a smaller absolute magnitude than the fourth voltage level, and the smaller absolute magnitudes are achieved by selecting one or more of a particular size ratio between SMPAs of the first and second SMPA branches, different DC voltages provided to the first and second SMPA branches, and a particular turns ratio for transformers of the first and second SMPA branches; and
a combiner with N combiner inputs and a combiner output, wherein each of the combiner inputs is coupled to a different one of N SMPA branch outputs from the N SMPA branches, and the combiner is configured to combine together the SMPA branch output signal from all of the N SMPA branches to produce, at the combiner output, a combined output signal, wherein the combined output signal may have, at any given time, one of 2*N+1 quantization states.
18. A method, performed by an amplifier, for amplifying a time varying signal, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving, by a module with a radio frequency (RF) signal input and 2*N drive signal outputs, an input RF signal at the RF signal input
sampling the input RF signal, resulting in a sequence of samples;
providing, at the 2*N drive signal outputs, drive signals to each of a number, N, of switch-mode power amplifier (SMPA) branches of the amplifier, wherein Nis greater than one, and wherein the states of the drive signals at any given time depend on the magnitude of a sample that is being processed by the module;
receiving combinations of the drive signals by the N SMPA branches of the amplifier, wherein each SMPA branch includes two drive signal inputs each coupled to a different one of the 2*N drive signal outputs, so that the amplifier has a total of 2*N drive signal inputs, and one SMPA branch output, and so that the amplifier has a total of N SMPA branch outputs;
in response to receiving a first combination of drive signals at two first drive signal inputs of a first SMPA branch, producing, by the first SMPA branch at a first SMPA branch output, a first SMPA branch output signal at a first voltage level;
in response to receiving a different second combination of drive signals at the two first drive signal inputs, producing, by the first SMPA branch at the first SMPA branch output, the first SMPA branch output signal at a different second voltage level;
in response to receiving the first combination of drive signals at two second drive signal inputs of a second SMPA branch, producing, by the second SMPA branch at a second SMPA branch output, a second SMPA branch output signal at a different third voltage level; and
in response to receiving the second combination of drive signals at the two second drive signal inputs, producing, by the second SMPA branch at the second SMPA branch output, the second SMPA branch output signal at a different fourth voltage level.
19. The method of claim 18 ,
wherein the drive signals are provided so that only one of the first and second SMPA branches outputs a non-zero SMPA branch output signal at any given time.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
combining the first and second SMPA branch output signals to produce a combined output signal, wherein the combinations of drive signals are provided so that the amplifier will produce the combined output signal as a signal that is, at any given time, at one of 2*N+1 non-uniform quantization states.
21. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
combining the first and second SMPA branch output signals to produce a combined output signal, wherein the combinations of drive signals are provided so that the amplifier will produce the combined output signal as a signal that is, at any given time, at one of 2*N+1 uniform quantization states.