Elliptical element for blood pressure reduction
Apparatus is provided for treating hypertension of a subject. The apparatus includes an implantable element which has a non-circular shape and which is configured to reduce the hypertension by facilitating an assumption of a non-circular shape by a blood vessel in a vicinity of a baroreceptor of the subject, during diastole of the subject. Other embodiments are also described.
1. A method of treating a disease related to hypertension of a subject, the subject having baroreceptors and a central nervous system responsive to the baroreceptors, comprising:
providing a passive flexible element having a non-circular cross-section, the passive flexible element comprising a first non-circular flexible end element and a second non-circular flexible end element, the first non-circular flexible end element coupled to the second non-circular flexible end element with three or more rods extending therebetween,
coupling the passive flexible element having the non-circular cross-section to a carotid artery of the subject in a vicinity of the baroreceptors of the subject, by implanting the passive flexible element within the carotid artery, the passive flexible element being configured to flex passively in coordination with the cardiac cycle; and
facilitating, with the passive flexible element, an assumption of a non-circular cross-sectional shape by the carotid artery in the vicinity that is less circular than a shape of the carotid artery in the vicinity when the passive flexible element is not coupled to the carotid artery, wherein passive flexure of the first non-circular flexible end element and the second non-circular flexible end element in coordination with the cardiac cycle of the subject stimulates the baroreceptors to transmit signals to the central nervous system and treats the disease related to hypertension.
2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising reducing the disease by facilitating, with the passive flexible element, an assumption of a cross-sectional shape by the carotid artery in the vicinity, during diastole of the subject, that is less circular than a shape of the carotid artery in the vicinity, during systole of the subject.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein implanting the passive flexible element comprises placing the passive flexible element inside the carotid artery on a side of the baroreceptor selected from the group consisting of: an upstream side, and a downstream side.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the passive flexible element is configured to flex passively in coordination with the cardiac cycle of the subject, and wherein facilitating the assumption of the shape, during diastole, comprises, subsequent to implanting the passive flexible element, allowing the passive flexible element to flex passively in coordination with the cardiac cycle.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein implanting the passive flexible element comprises coupling the first non-circular flexible end element and the second non-circular flexible end element to the carotid artery at a longitudinal separation from each other, the non-circular flexible end elements having non-circular cross-sections.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein coupling the first non-circular flexible end element and the second non-circular flexible end element to the carotid artery comprises longitudinally spacing the first non-circular flexible end element and the second non-circular flexible end element by between 5 mm and 20 mm.
7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein coupling the first non-circular flexible end element and the second non-circular flexible end element to the carotid artery comprises longitudinally spacing the first non-circular flexible end element and the second non-circular flexible end element by between 20 mm and 50 mm.
8. The method according to claim 1 wherein implanting the first non-circular flexible end element and the second non-circular flexible end element comprises implanting the first non-circular flexible end element on a first side of the baroreceptor and implanting the second non-circular flexible end element on a second side of the baroreceptor, the first and second sides being respective sides selected from the group consisting of: an upstream side and a downstream side.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
increasing flexibility of the carotid artery in the vicinity of the baroreceptor by removing plaque from the carotid artery;
wherein the passive flexible element having the non-circular cross-section is coupled to the carotid artery subsequently to removing the plaque.