Methods and apparatus for manufacturing plasma based plastics and bioplastics produced therefrom
Blood-derived plastic articles prepared from compositions including blood and, in some embodiments, at least one crosslinking agent and/or at least one biological response modifier, that can be useful for biological applications such as wound repair and tissue grafts; methods of making and using the same; methods for assessing the concentration of a biological response modifier in an article; and systems for preparing blood-derived plastic articles are provided.
1. A blood-derived plastic comprising a plasticized composition comprising clotted whole plasma and at least one biological response modifier.
2. The blood-derived plastic of claim 1 , wherein the average particle size of the whole plasma is less than about 500 μm.
3. The blood-derived plastic of claim 1 , wherein the biological response modifier is a bioactive protein selected from the group consisting of hormones, growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix molecules, and mixtures thereof.
4. The blood-derived plastic of claim 3 , wherein the bioactive protein comprises at least one growth factor selected from the group consisting of platelet derived growth factors (PDGF), acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors, transformation growth factor beta (TGF-beta), insulin like growth factors (IGF), epidermal growth factors (EGF), platelet-derived angiogenesis factors (PDAF), platelet-derived endothelial growth factors (PDEGF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), epithelial cell growth factors (ECGF), granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors (GM-CSF), nerve growth factors (NGF), neurotrophins, erythropoietin (EPO), thrombopoietin (TPO), myostatin (GDF-8), growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9), hepatocyte growth factors (HGF), platelet factors, and mixtures thereof.
5. The blood-derived plastic of claim 3 , wherein the bioactive protein comprises at least one extracellular matrix molecule selected from the group consisting of osteocalcin, osteonectin, fibrinogen, vitronectin, fibronectin, thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), bone sialoprotein (BSP), proteoglycans, and mixtures thereof.
6. The blood-derived plastic of claim 1 , wherein the at least one biological response modifier is present in the blood-derived plastic in an amount of about 1 picogram per gram of the composition to about 20 milligrams per gram of the composition.
7. The blood-derived plastic of claim 1 , wherein the blood-derived plastic further comprises at least one plasticizer.
8. The blood-derived plastic of claim 7 , wherein the at least one plasticizer is glycerol.
9. The blood-derived plastic of claim 1 , wherein the blood-derived plastic further comprises at least one crosslinking agent.
10. The blood-derived plastic of claim 9 , wherein the at least one crosslinking agent is genipin.
11. The blood-derived plastic of claim 1 , wherein the blood-derived plastic further comprises at least one drug.
12. The blood-derived plastic of claim 11 , wherein the at least one drug is selected from the group consisting of: analgesics; anti-infective agents; antineoplastics; biologicals; blood modifiers; cardioprotective agents; cardiovascular agents; cholinesterase inhibitors; hormones; immunomodulators; immunosuppressives; ophthalmic preparations; respiratory agents; anti-inflammatory agents; skin and mucous membrane agents; anti-cancer agents; and mixtures thereof.
13. The blood-derived plastic of claim 1 , wherein the blood-derived plastic further comprises at least one stabilizer.
14. The blood-derived plastic of claim 13 , wherein the at least one stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of glycogen, sorbitol, mannitol, trehalose, maltitol, xylitol, isomaltitol, erythritol, amylose, amylopectin, inositol hexasulfate, sulfated beta-cyclodextran, betaine, and mixtures thereof.
15. The blood-derived plastic of claim 1 , wherein the blood-derived plastic further comprises at least one filler.
16. The blood-derived plastic of claim 1 , wherein the blood-derived plastic further comprises at least one particulate selected from the group consisting of hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, and mixtures thereof.
17. The blood-derived plastic of claim 1 , wherein the blood-derived plastic further comprises at least one porogen.
18. The blood-derived plastic of claim 17 , wherein the at least one porogen is a sublimation porogen.
19. The blood-derived plastic of claim 1 , wherein the blood-derived plastic is in the form of a film, a powder, a granule, or a laminated structure.
20. The blood-derived plastic of claim 1 , wherein the platelet concentration of the whole plasma in the blood-derived plastic is increased compared to the platelet concentration of whole plasma at baseline.
21. The blood-derived plastic of claim 1 , wherein the blood-derived plastic is a hard plastic.
22. The blood-derived plastic of claim 1 , wherein the blood-derived plastic has a Young's Modulus of about 0.1 MPa to about 1000 MPa.
23. The blood-derived plastic of claim 1 , wherein the blood-derived plastic has a compressive strength of about 1 MPa to about 250 MPa.