Method and apparatus for manufacturing graphite oxide
There is provided a method and an apparatus for preparing graphite oxide. In accordance with the present disclosure, when an oxidizer is added by stages into a sequencing batch oxidizer mixer connected in multiple stages at a constantly low temperature, the oxidizer is mixed therein while suppressing an oxidation reaction. During an oxidation reaction of graphite, in a risky range of overheating and explosion, a tube type reactor equipped within a heat exchanger is used to accurately control a local temperature and the oxidizer can permeate between layers of the graphite with increased efficiency under ultrasonication. In an additional reaction range out of the risky range, a continuous stirred tank reactor is used to mature the oxidation reaction, so that a risk of explosion during manufacturing of graphite oxide can be reduced and a great amount of graphite oxide can be mass-produced economically.
1. A method for manufacturing graphite oxide, the method comprising:
preparing graphite slurry by mixing graphite and a sulfuric acid;
mixing the graphite slurry with an oxidizer selected from the group consisting of a permanganic acid, permanganate, and a permanganate sulfuric acid solution by supplying the oxidizer by stages into sequencing batch oxidizer mixers connected to one another in multiple stages;
making an intermediate reaction by pressing a reaction mixture mixed with the oxidizer into a tube type reactor equipped within a thermostat bath to be applied with ultrasonic waves;
making an additional reaction by supplying a reaction mixture of the intermediate reaction into a continuous stirred tank reactor;
mixing a reaction mixture of the additional reaction with water added;
adding a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution to the reaction mixture mixed with the water and mixing them to terminate an oxidation reaction;
washing and separating graphite oxide from the reaction mixture of the terminated oxidation reaction; and
drying the separated graphite oxide.
2. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein the tube type reactor has a diameter of about 5 mm to about 50 mm and the reaction mixture is kept for a residence time in a range of from about 0.2 hours to about 5 hours in the making of the intermediate reaction; and
wherein a carbon/oxygen ratio of the graphite oxide is in a range of from about 1/1 to about 5/1 according to an elemental analyzer and the graphite oxide has a maximum peak in 2θ of from about 12° to about 14° according to an XRD analysis.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphite slurry is mixed at a weight ratio of graphite to the sulfuric acid in a range of from about 1:30 to about 1:70.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphite slurry is supplied to the sequencing batch oxidizer mixers connected to one another in about two stages to about ten stages and each having a same capacity and the oxidizer is supplied by stages to be mixed with the graphite slurry.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein graphite powder of the graphite slurry has a particle size in a range of from about 1 μm to about 100 μm.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tube type reactor has an inner diameter in a range of from about 5 mm to about 50 mm, a residence time in a range of from about 0.2 hours to about 5 hours, and a length in a range of from about 10 m to about 1000 m.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein about 50% to about 70% of the total oxidation reaction of the graphite occurs in the tube type reactor.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the rest of the oxidation reaction additionally occurs in the continuous stirred tank reactor.
9. An apparatus for manufacturing graphite oxide, the apparatus comprising:
a graphite slurry mixer configured to prepare graphite slurry by mixing graphite and a sulfuric acid;
sequencing batch oxidizer mixers connected to the graphite slurry mixer in multiple stages from about two stages to about ten stages in series;
a tube type reactor having an inner diameter in a range of from about 5 mm to about 50 mm, a residence time in a range of from about 0.2 hours to about 5 hours, and a length in a range of from about 10 m to about 1000 m that is sequentially connected to the sequencing batch oxidizer mixers and equipped within a thermostat bath to be applied with ultrasonic waves to prepare an intermediate reaction mixture;
a continuous stirred tank reactor that is connected to the tube type reactor and makes an additional reaction with the intermediate reaction mixture;
a water mixer configured to add water to a reaction and mixing the water with a reaction mixture of the additional reaction;
a hydrogen peroxide mixer configured to add and mix a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution to a reaction mixture mixed with the water and mixing them to terminate an oxidation reaction;
a washing and separating unit configured to wash and separate graphite oxide from a reaction mixture of the terminated oxidation reaction; and
a dryer configured to dry the separated graphite oxide.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the graphite slurry is mixed at a weight ratio of graphite to the sulfuric acid in a range of from about 1:30 to about 1:70.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein a carbon/oxygen ratio of the graphite oxide is in a range of from about 1/1 to about 5/1 according to an elemental analyzer and the graphite oxide has a maximum peak in 2θ of from about 12° to about 14° according to an XRD analysis.
12. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein graphite powder of the graphite slurry has a particle size in a range of from about 1 μm to about 100 μm.
13. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the tube type reactor has the inner diameter in a range of from about 8 mm to about 12 mm, the residence time in a range of from about 1 hour to about 3 hours, and the length in a range of from about 100 m to about 300 m.
14. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein about 50% to about 70% of the total oxidation reaction of the graphite occurs in the tube type reactor.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the rest of the oxidation reaction additionally occurs in the continuous stirred tank reactor.
16. An apparatus for manufacturing graphite oxide, the apparatus comprising:
a graphite slurry mixer configured to prepare graphite slurry by mixing graphite and a sulfuric acid;
sequencing batch oxidizer mixers connected to the graphite slurry mixer in multiple stages in series;
a tube type reactor that is sequentially connected to the sequencing batch oxidizer mixers and equipped within a thermostat bath to be applied with ultrasonic waves to prepare an intermediate reaction mixture;
a continuous stirred tank reactor that is connected to the tube type reactor and makes an additional reaction with the intermediate reaction mixture;
a water mixer configured to add and mix water with a reaction mixture of the additional reaction;
a hydrogen peroxide mixer configured to add and mix a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution with a reaction mixture mixed with the water and end an oxidation reaction;
a washing and separating unit configured to wash and separate graphite oxide from a reaction mixture of the oxidation reaction; and
a dryer configured to dry the separated graphite oxide.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the thermostat bath comprising:
an ultrasonic wave transducer configured to applying the ultrasonic waves; and
a cooler configured to maintain a temperature of the thermostat bath.
18. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the tube type reactor has a small inner diameter to accurately control a local temperature.
19. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the tube type reactor is formed in a spiral shape.
20. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the tube type reactor includes multiple stages, and pumps each connected to a depressurizing device are provided between the stages to decrease a head loss of graphite slurry pressed into the tube type reactor.