Key shadowing

1. A method of generating key shadows performed by at least one computing device including at least one tangible computing element, comprising:

receiving an indication of a first number X representing how many of key shadows are to be generated;

receiving an indication of a second number Y representing how many of the key shadows are to be required for decrypting an encrypted message;

determining or receiving a master key for decrypting the encrypted message; and

determining X key shadows of the master key, wherein Y of those key shadows is sufficient to generate a range of more than one possible master keys that can be computationally feasibly searched for the master key, and wherein less than Y of those key shadows is insufficient to determine any part of a value for the master key;

wherein determining the X key shadows further comprises:

dividing the master key into Z parts; and

for each of the Z parts of the master key, determining a part of each of the X key shadows;

wherein determining the part of each of the X key shadows further comprises:

determining a point in a space having Y dimensions, wherein at least a part of the coordinates of the point in the space represents or can be combined to represent one of the Z parts of the master key; and

determining at least X geometric constructs in the space that intersect at the point in the space; and

wherein each of the geometric constructs can be determined from one part of each of the X key shadows.

2. A method as in claim 1 , further comprising encrypting each of the X key shadows with a different one of X personal keys.

3. A method as in claim 2 , further comprising concatenating the encrypted X key shadows to the encrypted message.

4. A method as in claim 1 , wherein determining the Z parts of each of the X key shadows for each of the Z parts of the master key further comprises repeating determining the point and determining at least the X geometric constructs Z times.

5. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the geometric constructs comprise at least portions of n-spheres in the space.

6. A method as in claim 5 , wherein the centers of the n-spheres are restricted to lie within the space.

7. A method as in claim 5 , wherein the point in the space is not collinear with any pair of the centers of the n-spheres in the space.

8. A method as in claim 1 , wherein Z is an integer greater than 1.

9. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the range of the possible master keys includes at least 2 Z of the possible master keys, and wherein 2 Z represents a number of the possible master keys that can be computationally determined within an average human lifespan.

10. A method of decrypting a message using key shadows performed by at least one computing device including at least one tangible computing element, comprising:

determining at least Y key shadows, wherein the Y key shadows are sufficient to generate a range of more than one possible master keys that can be computationally feasibly searched for a master key, and wherein less than Y of those key shadows is insufficient to determine any part of a value for the master key;

determining the master key based on the Y key shadows; and

decrypting the message using the master key;

wherein determining the master key from the Y key shadows further comprises:

dividing each of the Y key shadows into Z parts; and

determining each of Z parts of the master key from parts of the Y key shadows; and

wherein determining each of the Z parts of the master key further comprises:

modeling Y geometric constructs in a space having Y dimensions based on parts of the Y key shadows; and

determining at least one point in the space based on the Y geometric constructs, wherein at least a part of the coordinates of the point in the space represents or can be combined to represent one of the Z parts of the master key.

11. A method as in claim 10 , wherein determining at least Y key shadows further comprises:

receiving Y personal keys; and

decrypting Y encrypted key shadows using the Y personal keys.

12. A method as in claim 10 , wherein the Y encrypted key shadows were concatenated to the message.

13. A method as in claim 10 , wherein determining each of Z parts of the master keys from parts of the Y key shadows further comprises repeating the steps of modeling Y geometric constructs and determining at least one point in the space based on the Y geometric constructs Z times.

14. A method as in claim 13 , wherein the geometric constructs comprise at least portions of n-spheres in the space.

15. A method as in claim 14 , wherein the centers of the n-spheres lie within the space.

16. A method as in claim 13 , wherein Z is an integer greater than 1.

17. A method as in claim 13 , wherein determining at least one point in the space based on the Y geometric constructs further comprises determining a pair of points in the space;

wherein at least a part of the coordinates of one of the pair of points in the space represents or can be combined to represent one of the Z parts of the master key; and

wherein the coordinates of the other of the pair of points in the space does not represent and cannot be combined to represent any part of the value for the master key.

18. A method as in claim 17 , wherein the coordinates of the Z pairs of the points represent or can be combined to represent the range of possible master keys;

wherein the range of possible master keys includes 2 Z of the possible master keys, only one of which is the master key; and

further comprising searching the possible master keys for the master key.