Method for producing fibers having optical effect-producing nanostructures
The present technology provides an illustrative method for preparing fibers with desirable optical characteristics. The method includes providing a fiber that comprises a core layer and a cladding layer located around the core layer. The method further includes applying a nanostructure template to the cladding layer to form one or more photonic nanostructures having nanostructure scales and compressing the core layer to cause the core layer to bulge and form air gaps between the core layer and the one or more photonic nanostructures.
1. A fiber comprising:
a core layer; and
a cladding layer surrounding at least a portion of the core layer, wherein the cladding layer includes one or more photonic nanostructures, and wherein the one or more photonic nanostructures comprise:
one or more nanostructure scales;
a first end that is bonded to the core layer; and
a second end that is physically separated from the core layer such that an air gap exists between a portion of the photonic nanostructure and the core layer.
2. The fiber of claim 1 , further comprising an interfacial layer located between the core layer and the cladding layer.
3. The fiber of claim 2 , wherein the interfacial layer comprises one or more gaps, and wherein the core layer is directly bonded to the cladding layer in the one or more gaps such that the first ends of the one or more photonic nanostructures are located in respective gaps of the one or more gaps.
4. The fiber of claim 2 , wherein the interfacial layer is a sublimating interfacial layer configured to sublimate at least a portion of the interfacial layer to delaminate the core layer from at least a portion of the cladding layer.
5. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the core layer comprises a first material, and the cladding layer comprises a second material that is different from the first material.
6. The fiber of claim 5 , wherein the first material and second material comprise different thermoplastic polymers having different glass transition temperatures.
7. The fiber of claim 5 , wherein the first material comprises nylon or polypropylene, and wherein the second material comprises nylon or polyester.
8. The fiber of claim 5 , wherein the first material and second material have refractive indices having a difference of at least about 0.20.
9. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the one or more photonic structures have a length of about 10 nm to about 200 nm.
10. The fiber of claim 9 , wherein the one or more photonic structures have a length of about 10 nm to about 15 nm.
11. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the fiber is visibly colored.
12. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the fiber lacks an organic dye.
13. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the fiber has a first visible color appearance when dry, and has a second visible color appearance when wet with water.
14. A textile comprising:
multiple fibers, wherein the fibers comprise:
a core layer; and
a cladding layer surrounding at least a portion of the core layer, wherein the cladding layer includes one or more photonic nanostructures, and wherein the one or more photonic nanostructures comprise:
one or more nanostructure scales;
a first end that is bonded to the core layer; and
a second end that is physically separated from the core layer such that an air gap exists between a portion of the photonic nanostructure and the core layer.
15. The textile of claim 14 , wherein the textile is visibly colored.
16. The textile of claim 14 , wherein the textile lacks an organic dye.
17. The textile of claim 14 , wherein the textile has a first visible color appearance when dry, and has a second visible color appearance when wet with water.