Monolithic flexure pre-stressed ultrasonic horns
A monolithic ultrasonic horn where the horn, backing, and pre-stress structures are combined in a single monolithic piece is disclosed. Pre-stress is applied by external flexure structures. The provision of the external flexures has numerous advantages including the elimination of the need for a pre-stress bolt. The removal of the pre-stress bolt eliminates potential internal electric discharge points in the actuator. In addition, it reduces the chances of mechanical failure in the actuator stacks that result from the free surface in the hole of conventional ring stacks. In addition, the removal of the stress bolt and the corresponding reduction in the overall number of parts reduces the overall complexity of the resulting ultrasonic horn actuator and simplifies the ease of the design, fabrication and integration of the actuator of the present invention into other structures.
1. A method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator, comprising the steps of:
forming a monolithic pre-stress portion constructed from a first material, said monolithic pre-stress portion having a first interior surface and a second interior surface defined therein, said first interior surface and said second interior surface connected by at least one flexure, said first interior surface, said second interior surface and said configured to provide a pre-stress cavity for a high power actuator material, said at least one flexure configured to apply a pre-stress that varies by less than one part in a hundred as a temperature varies over 100 degrees Celsius to an actuator material inserted in said pre-stress cavity; and
forming a horn portion connected to said monolithic pre-stress portion, said horn portion configured to be driven at a resonance frequency.
2. The method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator of claim 1 , wherein the step of forming a monolithic pre-stress portion comprises forming said monolithic pre-stress portion using electron beam melting.
3. The method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator of claim 1 , wherein the step of forming a monolithic pre-stress portion comprises forming said monolithic pre-stress portion using rapid prototyping.
4. The method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator of claim 1 , wherein the step of forming a monolithic pre-stress portion comprises forming said monolithic pre-stress portion by precision machining.
5. The method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator of claim 1 , wherein the step of forming a monolithic pre-stress portion comprises forming said monolithic pre-stress portion by electron discharge machining (EDM).
6. The method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator of claim 1 , wherein the step of forming a monolithic pre-stress portion comprises forming said monolithic pre-stress portion by investment casting.
7. The method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator of claim 1 , wherein the step of forming a monolithic pre-stress portion comprises forming said monolithic pre-stress portion by water-jetting.
8. The method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
pulling said first interior surface and said second interior surface of said monolithic pre-stress portion apart;
inserting a piezoelectric stack in said monolithic pre-stress portion; and
releasing said monolithic pre-stress portion to apply said pre-stress to said piezoelectric stack.
9. The method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator of claim 8 , wherein the step of pulling said first interior surface and said second interior surface of said monolithic pre-stress portion apart is performed using a bolt threadedly inserted into an end of said monolithic pre-stress portion.
10. The method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator of claim 8 , wherein the step of pulling said first interior surface and said second interior surface of said monolithic pre-stress portion apart is performed using compression plates to hold a horn tip.
11. A method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator, comprising the steps of:
forming a monolithic pre-stress portion constructed from a first material, said monolithic pre-stress portion having a first interior surface and a second interior surface defined therein, said first interior surface and said second interior surface connected by at least one flexure, said first interior surface and said second interior surface configured to provide a pre-stress cavity for a high power actuator material, said at least one flexure having a first stiffness value and said high power actuator material having a second stiffness value, said first stiffness value being at least a factor of 10 less than said second stiffness value; and
forming a horn portion connected to said monolithic pre-stress portion, said horn portion configured to be driven at a resonance frequency.
12. The method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator of claim 11 , wherein the step of forming a monolithic pre-stress portion comprises forming said monolithic pre-stress portion using electron beam melting.
13. The method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator of claim 11 , wherein the step of forming a monolithic pre-stress portion comprises forming said monolithic pre-stress portion using rapid prototyping.
14. The method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator of claim 11 , wherein the step of forming a monolithic pre-stress portion comprises forming said monolithic pre-stress portion by precision machining.
15. The method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator of claim 11 , wherein the step of forming a monolithic pre-stress portion comprises forming said monolithic pre-stress portion by electron discharge machining (EDM).
16. The method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator of claim 11 , wherein the step of forming a monolithic pre-stress portion comprises forming said monolithic pre-stress portion by investment casting.
17. The method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator of claim 11 , wherein the step of forming a monolithic pre-stress portion comprises forming said monolithic pre-stress portion by water-jetting.
18. The method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator of claim 11 , further comprising the steps of:
pulling said first interior surface and said second interior surface of said monolithic pre-stress portion apart;
inserting a piezoelectric stack in said monolithic pre-stress portion; and
releasing said monolithic pre-stress portion to apply said pre-stress to said piezoelectric stack.
19. The method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator of claim 18 , wherein the step of pulling said first interior surface and said second interior surface of said monolithic pre-stress portion apart is performed using a bolt threadedly inserted into an end of said monolithic pre-stress portion.
20. The method of manufacturing an ultrasonic horn for a high power actuator of claim 18 , wherein the step of pulling said first interior surface and said second interior surface of said monolithic pre-stress portion apart is performed using compression plates to hold a horn tip.