Method of treating vascular insulin resistance in a normoglycemic subject based on biomarkers
View Patent ↗The invention provides compositions and methods for determining insulin resistance and/or pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in a subject. The invention also provides compositions and methods for treating a subject according to the insulin resistance and/or pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in the subject.
1. A method of treating vascular insulin resistance in a normoglycemic subject at high risk for myocardial infarction comprising
(a) measuring the concentration of a biomarker panel in a sample from the subject, the biomarker panel consisting of adiponectin, C-peptide, insulin and intact proinsulin; and
(b) effecting a therapy with respect to the subject by administering a therapeutically effective amount of gliatozone and an insulin-modulating drug, thereby treating vascular insulin resistance in the normoglycemic subject.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the subject is not administered a drug or combination of drugs selected from a sulfonylurea and a glinide.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the subject is further administered one or more additional drugs comprising one or more glucose-lowering drugs.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the sample comprises blood.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising taking a measurement of at least one additional biomarker.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the additional biomarker is selected from the group consisting of leptin, NFκB, IL-6, MMP-9, TNFα, eNOS, PPARγ, MCP-1, PAI-1, ICAM/VCAM, E-selectin, P-selectin, von Willebrand factor, sCD40L, insulin, glucose, HbA1c, free fatty acids, triglycerides, VLDL, small dense LDL, oxidized LDL, resistin, HDL, NO, IκB-α, p105, RelA, MIF, inflammatory cytokines and molecules involved in signaling pathways.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the insulin-modulating drug is selected from the group consisting of metformin, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analog, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) inhibitor, insulin, and an insulin analog.
8. A method of treating vascular insulin resistance in a normoglycemic subject at high risk for myocardial infarction and stroke comprising
(a) measuring the concentration of a biomarker panel in a sample from the subject, the biomarker panel consisting of adiponectin, C-peptide, insulin, intact proinsulin, triglycerides, and HDL; and
(b) effecting a therapy with respect to the subject by administering a therapeutically effective amount of gliatozone and an insulin-modulating drug, thereby treating vascular insulin resistance in the normoglycemic subject.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the insulin-modulating drug is selected from the group consisting of metformin, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analog, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) inhibitor, insulin, and an insulin analog.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the subject is further administered one or more additional drugs comprising one or more glucose-lowering drugs.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein the sample comprises blood.
12. The method of claim 8 further comprising taking a measurement of at least one additional biomarker.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the additional biomarker is selected from the group consisting of leptin, NFκB, IL-6, MMP-9, TNFα, eNOS, PPARγ, MCP-1, PAI-1, ICAM/VCAM, E-selectin, P-selectin, von Willebrand factor, sCD40L, insulin, glucose, HbA1c, free fatty acids, VLDL, small dense LDL, oxidized LDL, resistin, NO, IκB-α, IκB-β, p105, RelA, MIF, inflammatory cytokines and molecules involved in signaling pathways.