MODIFIED POLYAMIDES HAVING ENHANCED MELT FLOW INDICES
Modified polyamides are prepared by polymerization of diacid and diamine monomers in the presence of a multifunctional compound having either at least three acid functions or at least three basic functions and, optionally, a monofunctional compound having either an acid function or a basic function. These polyamides can be formulated into molding compositions which can be converted into useful shaped articles.
1 . A modified polyamide comprising the polymerizate of at least:
dicarboxylic acid monomers of the type AA and diamine monomers of the type BB, or salts thereof;
at least one multifunctional compound (i) which comprises either at least 3 functions A or at least 3 functions B;
optionally, at least one monofunctional compound (ii) which comprises either a function A or a function B;
said functions A and B being capable of reacting together to form an amide bond; and
said modified polyamide comprising:
from 0.02 mol % to 0.6 mol %, relative to the number of moles of constituent monomers of the polyamide, of a structural unit corresponding to the multifunctional compound (i);
optionally, up to 2 mol %, relative to the number of moles of constituent monomers of the polyamide, of a structural unit corresponding to the monofunctional compound (ii);
the resultant polyamide having a difference in absolute value ΔGT between its end groups that is greater than or equal to the value Q (limit ΔGT); this value Q being defined by the relationship:
Q =α·[(β− T ii ) 2 −γ] 0.5 ,
if the amount between the square brackets (β−T ii ) 2 −γ is positive; or
Q= 0,
if the amount between the square brackets (β−T ii ) 2 −γ is negative or zero;
wherein:
α=85,
β=0.46·(f−2) 3 ·T i 2 +1.15·(f−2)·T i +2.1,
γ=2.14,
T i corresponds to the molar percentage of multifunctional compound (i),
T ii corresponds to the molar percentage of monofunctional compound (ii),
f corresponds to the functionality of the multifunctional compound (i) and thus corresponds to the number of functions A or B borne by the multifunctional compound (i), and
the amounts ΔGT and Q are expressed in meq/kg.
2 . The modified polyamide as defined by claim 1 , wherein the dicarboxylic acid monomers comprise aliphatic or aromatic compounds containing from 4 to 12 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of adipic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, decanedioic acid and dodecanedioic acid.
3 . The modified polyamide as defined by claim 1 , wherein the diamine monomers comprise aliphatic, optionally cycloaliphatic, or aromatic compound containing from 4 to 12 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of hexamethylenediamine, butanediamine, m-xylylenediamine, isophoronediamine, 3,3′,5-trimethylhexamethylenediamine and methylpentamethylenediamine.
4 . The modified polyamide as defined by claim 1 , wherein the polyamide monomers comprise adipic acid, hexamethylenediamine and/or hexamethylenediammonium adipate.
5 . The modified polyamide as defined by claim 1 , further comprising the polymerizate of an amino acid or a lactam.
6 . The modified polyamide as defined by claim 1 , wherein the at least one multifunctional compound (i) comprises an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and/or aromatic hydrocarbon-based compound containing from 1 to 100 carbon atoms, and optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms.
7 . The modified polyamide as defined by claim 1 , wherein the at least one multifunctional compound (i) is selected from the group consisting of 2,2,6,6-tetrakis(β-carboxyethyl)cyclohexanone, diaminopropane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid, 3,5,3′,5′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, acids derived from phthalocyanin and naphthalocyanin, 3,5,3′,5′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, 1,3,5,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, 2,4,6-pyridinetricarboxylic acid, 3,5,3′,5′-bipyridyltetracarboxylic acid, 3,5,3′,5′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, 1,3,6,8-acridinetetracarboxylic acid, trimesic acid, 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid and 2,4,6-triaminocaproic acid 1,3,5-triazine (TACT).
8 . The modified polyamide as defined by claim 1 , wherein the at least one multifunctional compound (i) is selected from the group consisting of nitrilotrialkylamines, nitrilotriethylamine, dialkylenetriamines, diethylenetriamine, bishexamethylenetriamine, trialkylenetetramines, tetraalkylenepentamines, 4-aminomethyl-1,8-octanediamine, melamine, and polyalkyleneamines.
9 . The modified polyamide as defined by claim 1 , wherein the at least one monofunctional compound (ii) comprises an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon-based compound having from 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and optionally containing heteroatoms.
10 . The modified polyamide as defined by claim 1 , wherein the at least one monofunctional compound (ii) is selected from the group consisting of n-hexadecylamine, n-octadecylamine, n-dodecylamine, acetic acid, lauric acid, benzylamine, benzoic acid, propionic acid and 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine.
11 . The modified polyamide as defined by claim 1 , wherein the molar percentage T i of multifunctional compounds (i) introduced is such that the value of a is less than or equal to 3.6.
12 . The modified polyamide as defined by claim 1 , having a solution viscosity index ranging from 80 to 120, according to standard ISO 307 with 0.5% of polymer dissolved in 90% formic acid, at a temperature of 25° C.
13 . A polymerization process for the production of a modified polyamide as defined by claim 1 , wherein a mixture comprising at least dicarboxylic acid and diamine monomers, or salts thereof, and the multifunctional (i) and monofunctional (ii) compounds is polymerized.
14 . A polyamide molding composition comprising at least one modified polyamide as defined by claim 1 , and, optionally, reinforcing and/or bulking fillers, one or more other polymers and/or additives thereof.
15 . A process for the production of a molding composition as defined by claim 14 , wherein a polyamide is cold- or melt-blended with reinforcing and/or bulking fillers, one or more other polymers and/or additives thereof.
16 . A shaped article produced by injection-molding, by injection/blow-molding, by extrusion or by extrusion/blow-molding of the molding composition as defined by claim 14 .
17 . A molded or extruded shaped article comprising at least one modified polyamide as defined by claim 1 .
18 . The molded or extruded shaped article as defined by claim 17 , having enhanced mechanical strength and a clean and uniform surface.