Small scale high speed turbomachinery
A small scale, high speed turbomachine is described, as well as a process for manufacturing the turbomachine. The turbomachine is manufactured by diffusion bonding stacked sheets of metal foil, each of which has been pre-formed to correspond to a cross section of the turbomachine structure. The turbomachines include rotating elements as well as static structures. Using this process, turbomachines may be manufactured with rotating elements that have outer diameters of less than four inches in size, and/or blading heights of less than 0.1 inches. The rotating elements of the turbomachines are capable of rotating at speeds in excess of 150 feet per second. In addition, cooling features may be added internally to blading to facilitate cooling in high temperature operations.
1. A turbomachinery component configured to rotate during operation, comprising:
a hub;
a plurality of blades extending from the hub to a shroud integrally formed with the plurality of blades at a tip of each of the blades, wherein each of the blades is wrapped in a circumferential direction about an axis of rotation of the component, wherein a blade height of each of the blades varies from an inlet to a discharge of the component; and
a plurality of preconfigured metal foil sheets laminated together in a predefined order that together define all structural and fluid flow paths of the component including a plurality of fully formed primary flow paths bounded by the hub, the plurality of blades, and the shroud,
wherein the plurality of preconfigured metal foil sheets are oriented parallel to the axis of rotation,
wherein at least one of the sheets defines a portion of the hub, two or more blades, the shroud, and at least one of the primary flow paths.
2. The turbomachinery component of claim 1 , wherein the blade height at an outer radius of the component is 0.012 inches to 0.050 inches.
3. The turbomachinery component of claim 1 , wherein a maximum outer diameter of the component is less than 4 inches.
4. The turbomachinery component of claim 1 , wherein a maximum outer diameter of the component is 0.4 inches to 3 inches.
5. The turbomachinery component of claim 1 , including an inducer portion positioned upstream of the plurality of blades.
6. The turbomachinery component of claim 5 , wherein the inducer portion includes a plurality of inducer blades extending from the shroud.
7. The turbomachinery component of claim 1 , wherein the component is a radial inflow impeller or a radial inflow turbine component.
8. The turbomachinery component of claim 1 , wherein the component is a radial outflow impeller or a radial outflow turbine component.
9. The turbomachinery component of claim 1 , wherein the component is configured to pump a liquid oxidizer or a liquid fuel.
10. The turbomachinery component of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of preconfigured metal foil sheets are oriented perpendicularly to the axis of rotation.
11. The turbomachinery component of claim 1 , wherein each of the sheets is 0.0001 inches to 0.032 inches thick.
12. The turbomachinery component of claim 1 , wherein the sheets are diffusion bonded together.
13. A miniature turbopump impeller, comprising:
a hub;
a plurality of blades extending from the hub to a shroud integrally formed with the plurality of blades at a tip of each of the blades, wherein each of the blades is wrapped in a circumferential direction about an axis of rotation of the impeller, wherein a blade height of each of the blades varies from an inlet to a discharge of the impeller; and
a plurality of preconfigured metal sheets laminated together in a predefined order that together define all structural and fluid flow paths of the impeller including a plurality of fully formed primary flow paths bounded by the hub, the plurality of blades, and the shroud, wherein at least one of the sheets defines a portion of the hub, two or more blades, the shroud, and at least one of the primary flow paths.
14. The impeller of claim 13 , wherein the blade height at the discharge is 0.100 inches or less.
15. The impeller of claim 13 , wherein an outer diameter of the component is 0.4 inches to 3 inches.
16. The impeller of claim 13 , including an inducer portion positioned upstream of the plurality of blades.
17. The impeller of claim 13 , wherein each of the sheets is 0.0001 inches to 0.032 inches thick.
18. The impeller of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of preconfigured metal sheets are stacked at an angle that is not 0 degrees and not 90 degrees with respect to the axis of rotation.
19. The impeller of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of preconfigured metal sheets are oriented parallel to the axis of rotation.
20. The impeller of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of preconfigured foil sheets are oriented perpendicularly to the axis of rotation.