Cooking oils and food products comprising estolides
Cooking and frying oils comprising estolide compounds are described. Also described are methods of making food products comprising cooking or otherwise preparing at least one article of food with a composition comprising at least one estolide compound.
1. A composition comprising an article of food and at least one estolide compound selected from compounds of Formula I:
wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
n is an integer greater than or equal to 0;
R 1 is an unsubstituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is selected from hydrogen and an unsubstituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said at least one estolide compound is unsubstituted.
2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 1 to 10;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 1 to 10;
n is an integer selected from 0 to 8;
R 1 is an unsubstituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is an unsubstituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue is unsubstituted.
3. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein
x+y is, independently for each chain, an integer selected from 13 to 15; and
n is an integer selected from 0 to 6.
4. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein R 2 is a branched or unbranched C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated.
5. The composition according to claim 4 , wherein R 2 is selected from C 6 to C 12 alkyl.
6. The composition according to claim 5 , wherein R 2 is 2-ethylhexyl.
7. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is a branched or unbranched C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated.
8. The composition according to claim 7 , wherein R 1 is selected from unsubstituted C 7 to C 17 alkyl that is unbranched and saturated or unsaturated.
9. The composition according to claim 8 , wherein R 1 is selected from saturated C 7 alkyl, saturated C 9 alkyl, saturated C 11 alkyl, saturated C 13 alkyl, saturated C 15 alkyl, and saturated or unsaturated C 17 alkyl, which are unsubstituted and unbranched.
10. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein said composition has an EN selected from an integer or fraction of an integer that is equal to or less than 2, wherein EN is the average number of linkages in compounds according to Formula I, such that the EN for each molecule is determined by EN=n+1, wherein n represents the number of secondary fatty acids.
11. The composition according to claim 10 , wherein said composition has a kinematic viscosity equal to or less than 55 cSt when measured at 40° C.
12. The composition according to claim 4 , wherein R 2 is ethyl.
13. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 7 and 8.
14. The composition according to claim 13 , wherein y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 7 and 8.
15. The composition according to claim 13 , wherein y is 0 for each occurrence.
16. A composition comprising an article of food and at least one estolide compound selected from compounds of Formula I:
wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
n is an integer greater than or equal to 0;
R 1 is an unsubstituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is an alkyl group substituted with one or more groups selected from —OH and OR 60 , wherein R 60 is an unsubstituted alkyl or an alkyl substituted with one or more groups selected from —OH and —O-alkyl,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said at least one estolide compound is unsubstituted.
17. The composition according to claim 16 , wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 14;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 14;
n is an integer selected from 0 to 8;
R 1 is an unsubstituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is a C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched.
18. The composition according to claim 17 , wherein
x+y is, independently for each chain, an integer selected from 13 to 15; and
n is an integer selected from 0 to 6.
19. The composition according to claim 17 , wherein R 2 is a branched or unbranched C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated.
20. The composition according to claim 19 , wherein R 1 is an unbranched C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated.
21. The composition according to claim 19 , wherein x is, independently for each occurrence, selected from 7 and 8.
22. The composition according to claim 21 , wherein y is, independently for each occurrence, selected from 7 and 8.
23. The composition according to claim 21 , wherein y is 0 for each occurrence.