Corrosion resistant metal bipolar plate for a PEMFC including a radical scavenger
The present disclosure includes fuel cell bipolar plates and methods of forming a radical scavenging coating on a bipolar plate. The bipolar plates may include a steel substrate, a middle layer contacting the steel substrate and including a bulk material and a radical scavenging material, and a conductive layer contacting the middle layer. The radical scavenging material may include cerium, such as metallic cerium or a cerium oxide. The conductive layer may include a conductive carbon, such as a diamond-like carbon or coating (DLC). The radical scavenging material may comprise 0.1 wt % to 30 wt % of the middle layer. The middle layer may be deposited using PVD, and the radical scavenging material may be doped into the middle layer, for example, by co-sputtering it with the bulk material of the middle layer.
1. A fuel cell bi polar plate, comprising:
a steel substrate;
a middle layer contacting the steel substrate, the middle layer formed of (i) a carbide or (ii) a nitride of chromium or titanium, and having a radical scavenging material comprising (I) pure cerium or CeO 2 diffused throughout and (II) terbium, europium, or manganese; and
a conductive carbon layer overlaying and contacting the middle layer.
2. The bipolar plate of claim 1 , wherein the conductive carbon layer includes a radical scavenging material comprising pure cerium or CeO 2 .
3. The bipolar plate of claim 1 , wherein the middle layer has a thickness ranging from 5 nm to 10 μm.
4. The bipolar plate of claim 1 , wherein the radical scavenging material comprises 0.01 to 1 wt % or 10 to 30 wt % of the middle layer.
5. The bipolar plate of claim 3 , wherein the conductive carbon layer has a thickness of 1 μm or less.
6. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell, comprising:
a bipolar plate having:
a steel substrate;
a middle layer contacting the steel substrate and formed of (i) a carbide or (ii) a nitride of chromium or titanium, and having a radical scavenging material diffused throughout, the radical scavenging material including (I) cerium and (II) terbium, europium, or manganese the scavenge hydroxyl radicals or perhydroxyl radicals; and
a conductive carbon layer overlaying and contacting the middle layer.
7. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell of claim 6 , wherein the cerium includes pure cerium or CeO 2 .
8. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell of claim 7 , wherein the conductive carbon layer includes a radical scavenging material comprising pure cerium or CeO 2 .
9. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell of claim 6 , wherein the middle layer has a thickness ranging from 5 nm to 10 μm.
10. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell of claim 6 , wherein the radical scavenging material comprises 0.01 to 1 wt % or 10 to 30 wt % of the middle layer.
11. A method of forming a radical scavenging coating on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, comprising:
applying a middle layer to a steel substrate, the middle layer formed of (i) a carbide or (ii) a nitride of chromium or titanium, and having a radical scavenging material diffused throughout that includes (I) cerium and (II) terbium, europium, or manganese; and
applying a conductive carbon layer to the middle layer.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the cerium is deposited as pure cerium or CeO 2 .
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein applying the middle layer to the steel substrate includes applying the carbide or nitride of chromium or titanium and the radical scavenging material such that the radical scavenging material comprises 0.01 to 1 wt % or 10 to 30 wt % of the middle layer.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein applying the middle layer to the steel substrate includes co-sputtering the carbide or nitride of chromium or titanium and the radical scavenging material.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the middle layer is formed by first depositing the carbide or nitride of chromium or titanium and then diffusing the radical scavenging material into the nitride of chromium or titanium.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the middle layer is formed by depositing a layer of carbide or a layer of nitride of chromium or titanium, and a separate layer of the radical scavenging material and then diffusing the layers together using a heat treatment.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein applying the conductive carbon layer includes applying a conductive carbon layer including a radical scavenging material comprising pure cerium or CeO 2 .
18. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell of claim 9 , wherein the conductive carbon layer has a thickness of 1 μm or less.