Electrophotographic member and fixing apparatus
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic member having electroconductivity for suppressing peeling offset and also having a high cracking resistance. The electrophotographic member has an endless belt shape, and includes a cylindrical or columnar substrate, a rubber elastic layer that covers a periphery of the substrate, and a fluororesin tube that covers a periphery of the rubber elastic layer, wherein the fluororesin tube is crystalline-orientated in a substantially axial direction of the substrate and includes a fluororesin and carbon black dispersed in the fluororesin, and a primary average particle diameter of the carbon black is 50 nm or more and 100 nm or less.
1. An endless belt-shaped electrophotographic member, comprising:
a substrate;
a rubber elastic layer that covers a periphery of the substrate; and
a fluororesin tube that covers a periphery of the rubber elastic layer,
wherein:
the fluororesin tube includes a fluororesin and carbon black dispersed in the fluororesin,
the fluororesin is crystalline-oriented in a substantially longitudinal direction of the substrate, and
a primary average particle diameter of the carbon black is from 55 nm to 100 nm.
2. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein a degree of crystalline orientation of the fluororesin in the substantially longitudinal direction of the substrate is from 35% to 50%.
3. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the fluororesin is a copolymer of polytetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether.
4. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the fluororesin tube is from 35 μm to 55 μm.
5. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein a surface resistance of the electrophotographic member is from 1×10 7 Ω/m 2 to 1×10 12 Ω/m 2 .
6. A fixing apparatus comprising:
a heating member; and
an endless belt-shaped electrophotographic member that is disposed opposite to the heating member and that forms a nip together with the heating member,
wherein the electrophotographic member is the electrophotographic member according to claim 1 .
7. The fixing apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein the electrophotographic member is suspended under tension between at least two rollers.