Method for covering particles, especially a battery electrode material particles, and particles obtained with such method and a battery comprising such particle
A method for covering particles having a diameter of maximally 60 μm by means of atomic layer deposition, whereby said method comprises the step of fluidizing said particles in a fluidized bed reactor using a first reactant gas comprising a first reactant for substantially completely covering said particles with a monolayer of said first reactant.
1. A method of providing coated particles, comprising coating one or more particles with a coating having a thickness of about 2 nm or less using an atomic layer deposition process, and obtaining the coated particles, wherein the atomic layer deposition process comprises sequentially exposing the particles to a plurality of reactant gases or vapors at an operating pressure of 0.5-2.0 bar, wherein the particles coated by the atomic layer deposition process are fluidized particles having a diameter of up to 60 μm.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the atomic layer deposition process comprises an exposure of a plurality of reactant gases or vapors at least partially performed repeatedly.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the coated particles are lithium containing particles.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the coated particles comprise a lithium metal oxide or a lithium metal phosphate.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the coated particles comprise one or more of LiMn 2 O 4 , LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiFePO 4 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , LiMg x Ni 0.5-x Mn 1.5 O 4 , and LiFe x Ti y Mn 2-x-y O 4 .
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the coated particles comprise a spinel structure.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the particles comprise one or more of primary particles and hard aggregates of primary particles.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the particles are obtained using an auto-ignition synthesis method.
9. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the exposure of the plurality of reactant gases or vapors is continuous.
10. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the exposure of the plurality of reactant gases or vapors is intermittent.
11. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the exposure of the plurality of reactant gases or vapors occurs at an operating pressure of 0.9-2.0 bar.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the atomic layer deposition process comprises exposing the particles to a first reactant gas or vapor that adsorbs to and/or reacts with particle surfaces, wherein the first reactant gas or vapor is injected into a flowing carrier gas.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the atomic layer deposition process subsequently comprises exposing the particles to a second reactant gas or vapor that adsorbs to and/or reacts with the particle surfaces, wherein the second reactant gas or vapor is injected into the flowing carrier gas.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the exposure of the plurality of reactant gases or vapors subsequently injected into the flowing carrier gas is continuous.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the continuous sequential exposure of reactant gases or vapors occurs at an operating pressure of 0.9-2.0 bar.
16. A method of providing coated particles, comprising coating a plurality of particles with a coating layer using an atomic layer deposition process, wherein the atomic layer deposition process comprises:
exposing the particles to a first reactant gas or vapor that adsorbs to and/or reacts with particle surfaces, at an operating pressure of 0.5-2.0 bar, wherein the first reactant gas or vapor is optionally injected into a flowing carrier gas, and
subsequently exposing the particles to a second reactant gas or vapor that adsorbs to and/or reacts with the particle surfaces, at an operating pressure of 0.5-2.0 bar, wherein the second reactant gas or vapor is optionally injected into the flowing carrier gas, and wherein the particles coated by the atomic layer deposition process are fluidized lithium-containing particles.
17. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising incorporating the coated particles into an electrode.
18. The method according to claim 17 , further comprising incorporating the electrode into a battery.
19. The method according to claim 16 , further comprising incorporating the coated particles into an electrode.
20. The method according to claim 19 , further comprising incorporating the electrode into a battery.
21. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the coating layer is an oxide layer.
22. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the coating layer is a metal oxide layer.