Solid-state lithium battery with electrolyte
A solid-state lithium battery cell comprises a support, and a plurality of electrodes on the support, the electrodes comprising a cathode and an anode. An electrolyte lying between the cathode and anode comprises an oxygen-rich electrolyte layer. In another version, a multilayer electrolyte comprises an oxygen-rich electrolyte layer and an oxygen-deficient electrolyte layer.
1. A solid-state lithium battery cell comprising:
(a) a support;
(b) a plurality of electrodes on the support; and
(c) a multilayer electrolyte between a pair of the electrodes, the multilayer electrolyte (i) composed of lithium-phosphorous-oxygen-nitrogen, and (ii) comprising an oxygen-rich electrolyte layer abutting at least one oxygen-deficient electrolyte layer, the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer having an atomic concentration of oxygen of at least about 55%, where 100% is the total of the atomic concentrations of lithium, phosphorous and oxygen, and the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer comprising an atomic concentration of oxygen that is higher than the atomic concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-deficient electrolyte layer.
2. A battery according to claim 1 wherein the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer comprises a bulk density of at least about 6.3×10 22 atom/cc.
3. A battery according to claim 1 wherein the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer is on a mica support having a width, and wherein the maximum height of a warped portion across the width of the mica support is less than 20% of the width.
4. A battery according to claim 1 wherein the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer is on a mica support, and wherein the maximum height of a warped portion across the width of the mica support is less than 5 mm.
5. A solid-state lithium battery cell comprising:
(a) a support;
(b) a plurality of electrodes on the support; and
(c) a multilayer electrolyte between a pair of the electrodes, the multilayer electrolyte (i) composed of lithium-phosphorous-oxygen-nitrogen, and (ii) comprising an oxygen-rich electrolyte layer sandwiched between oxygen-deficient electrolyte layers, the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer having an atomic concentration of oxygen of at least about 55%, where 100% is the combined atomic concentrations of lithium, phosphorous and oxygen, and the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer having an atomic concentration of oxygen that is higher than the atomic concentration of oxygen of the oxygen-deficient electrolyte layers.
6. A battery according to claim 5 wherein the atomic concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer is at least about 3% higher than the atomic concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-deficient electrolyte layers.
7. A battery according to claim 5 wherein the oxygen-deficient electrolyte layers have an atomic concentration of oxygen that is less than about 48%.
8. A battery according to claim 5 wherein the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer comprises a bulk density of at least about 6.3×10 22 atom/cc.
9. A battery according to claim 5 wherein the oxygen-deficient electrolyte layers have a bulk density of less than about 6.2×10 22 atom/cc.
10. A battery according to claim 5 wherein the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer comprises a first thickness and the oxygen-deficient electrolyte layers have a second thickness, and wherein the first thickness is at least about 5 times the second thickness.
11. A battery according to claim 5 wherein the oxygen-deficient electrolyte layers have an internal compressive stress level that is at least about 2 times the internal compressive stress level of the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer.
12. A solid-state lithium battery cell comprising:
(a) a support;
(b) a plurality of electrodes on the support; and
(c) a multilayer electrolyte between a pair of the electrodes, the multilayer electrolyte (i) composed of lithium-phosphorous-oxygen-nitrogen, and (ii) comprising an oxygen-rich electrolyte layer sandwiched between oxygen-deficient electrolyte layers, the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer having an atomic concentration of oxygen that is at least about 3% higher than the atomic concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-deficient electrolyte layers, and the oxygen-deficient electrolyte layers comprising an atomic concentration of oxygen that is less than about 48%, where 100% is the combined atomic concentrations of lithium, phosphorous and oxygen.
13. A battery according to claim 12 wherein the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer comprises an atomic concentration of oxygen that is at least about 55%.
14. A battery according to claim 12 wherein the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer comprises a bulk density of at least about 6.3×10 22 atom/cc, and the oxygen-deficient electrolyte layers have a bulk density of less than about 6.2×10 22 atom/cc.
15. A battery according to claim 12 wherein the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer comprises a first thickness and the oxygen-deficient electrolyte layers each have a second thickness, and wherein the first thickness is at least about 5 times the second thickness.
16. A battery according to claim 12 wherein the oxygen-deficient electrolyte layers have an internal compressive stress level that is at least about 2 times the internal compressive stress level of the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer.
17. A battery according to claim 1 wherein the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer comprises an atomic concentration of oxygen that is at least about 3% higher than the atomic concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-deficient electrolyte layer.
18. A battery according to claim 17 wherein the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer comprises an atomic concentration of oxygen that is at least about 10% higher than the atomic concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-deficient electrolyte layer.
19. A battery according to claim 17 wherein the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer has a first thickness and the oxygen-deficient electrolyte layer has a second thickness, such that the first thickness is at least about 5 times the second thickness.
20. A battery according to claim 1 wherein the oxygen-rich electrolyte layer is sandwiched between two oxygen-deficient electrolyte layers.