Capacitance-type transducer

1. A capacitance-type transducer comprising:

a back plate having a fixed electrode;

a diaphragm that opposes the back plate via an air gap and serves as a movable electrode; and

at least first stoppers having a first projection length and second stoppers having a second projection length that project from at least one of a surface of the back plate on the air gap side and a surface of the diaphragm on the air gap side,

wherein at least one of the diaphragm and the fixed electrode is divided into at least a first region having a first surface area and a second region having a second surface area, a first sensing portion made up of the diaphragm and the fixed electrode is constituted in the first region, and a second sensing portion made up of the diaphragm and the fixed electrode is constituted in the second region,

wherein the first stoppers are provided on the first sensing portion,

wherein the second stoppers are provided on the second sensing portion,

wherein the first surface area of the first region is larger than the second surface area of the second region, and

wherein the projection length of the first stoppers is shorter than the projection length of the second stoppers.

2. The capacitance-type transducer according to claim 1 , wherein a region of the fixed electrode that opposes the diaphragm in the first sensing portion and a region of the fixed electrode that opposes the diaphragm in the second sensing portion constitute one flat surface.

3. The capacitance-type transducer according to claim 2 , wherein in the first sensing portion, the first stoppers have a shorter projection length in a large displacement region of the diaphragm or a region that opposes the large displacement region, and the first stoppers have a longer projection length in a small displacement region of the diaphragm or a region that opposes the small displacement region.

4. The capacitance-type transducer according to claim 2 , wherein in the second sensing portion, the second stoppers have a shorter projection length in a large displacement region of the diaphragm or a region that opposes the large displacement region, and the second stoppers have a longer projection length in a small displacement region of the diaphragm or a region that opposes the small displacement region.

5. The capacitance-type transducer according to claim 2 , wherein the second stoppers are thicker than the first stoppers.

6. The capacitance-type transducer according to claim 2 , further comprising:

a plurality of stoppers that include the first stoppers and the second stoppers,

wherein a number density of stoppers in a vicinity of the second stoppers is greater than a number density of stoppers in a vicinity of the first stoppers.

7. The capacitance-type transducer according to claim 1 , wherein a longest projection length among projection lengths of the second stoppers is longer than a longest projection length among projection lengths of the first stoppers.

8. The capacitance-type transducer according to claim 1 , wherein a shortest projection length among projection lengths of the second stoppers is longer than a shortest projection length among projection lengths of the first stoppers.

9. The capacitance-type transducer according to claim 1 , wherein in the first sensing portion, the first stoppers have a shorter projection length in a large displacement region of the diaphragm or a region that opposes the large displacement region, and the first stoppers have a longer projection length in a small displacement region of the diaphragm or a region that opposes the small displacement region.

10. The capacitance-type transducer according to claim 9 ,

wherein a plurality of stoppers including the first stoppers protrude from the back plate in the first sensing portion, and

wherein, in the first sensing portion, the projection lengths of the plurality of stoppers are selected such that tips of the plurality of stoppers are aligned along a shape of the diaphragm in a deformed state of the diaphragm.

11. The capacitance-type transducer according to claim 1 , wherein in the second sensing portion, the second stoppers have a shorter projection length in a large displacement region of the diaphragm or a region that opposes the large displacement region, and the second stoppers have a longer projection length in a small displacement region of the diaphragm or a region that opposes the small displacement region.

12. The capacitance-type transducer according to claim 11 ,

wherein a plurality of stoppers including the second stoppers protrude from the back plate in the second sensing portion, and

wherein, in the second sensing portion, the projection lengths of the plurality of stoppers are selected such that tips of the plurality of stoppers are aligned along a shape of the diaphragm in a deformed state of the diaphragm.

13. The capacitance-type transducer according to claim 1 , wherein the second stoppers are thicker than the first stoppers.

14. The capacitance-type transducer according to claim 1 , further comprising:

a plurality of stoppers that include the first stoppers and the second stoppers,

wherein a number density of stoppers in a vicinity of the second stoppers is greater than a number density of stoppers in a vicinity of the first stoppers.

15. The capacitance-type transducer according to claim 1 , wherein the first stoppers and the second stoppers are manufactured using the same material as the back plate and in the same step as the back plate.

16. An acoustic sensor comprising:

the capacitance-type transducer according to claim 1 ; and

acoustic holes for allowing passage of acoustic vibration formed in the back plate.

17. A microphone comprising:

the acoustic sensor according to claim 16 ; and

a circuit portion that amplifies a signal from the acoustic sensor and outputs the amplified signal to the outside.

18. The capacitance-type transducer according to claim 1 , wherein the first stoppers and the second stoppers are manufactured using the same material as the back plate and in the same step as the back plate.