Gas sensors based upon metal carbon complexes
A sensor can include a conductive region in electrical communication with at least two electrodes, the conductive region including a conductive material and an alkene-interacting metal complex.
1. A method of sensing an analyte, comprising:
exposing a sensor to a sample, the sensor including:
a conductive region in electrical communication with at least two electrodes, the conductive region including a conductive material and an alkene-interacting metal complex, the alkene-interacting metal complex including a metal macrocycle complex capable of forming a stable complex with a sterically protected metal center;
producing a chemiresistive response and regenerating the metal complex that reacts with an additional alkene;
and
measuring an electrical property at the electrodes.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample is a gas.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical property is resistance or conductance.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the analyte is ethylene, 1-methylcyclopropene, butadiene, isoprene, carbon monoxide, or acetylene.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conductive material includes a carbon nanotube, graphite, graphene, an alkene-interacting metal complex, a conductive polymer, a metal oxide, or an inorganic semiconductor.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkene-interacting metal complex includes a metal macrocycle complex capable of forming a stable complex by reaction with an alkene, wherein a chemiresponsive composition comprising a metal complex including a metal binds to and activates an alkene such that it reacts with a nucleophile to provide a metal complex with a metal carbon single bond.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal macrocycle complex includes a phthalocyanine or a porphyrin, such as 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato cobalt or 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinato cobalt.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal of the macrocycle complex includes Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pd, Cu, Ag, Au, or Hg.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal macrocycle complex includes a non-coordinating anion.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the anion includes Cl − .
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the anion includes ClO 4 − .
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkene-interacting metal complex includes a palladium ion.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the alkene-interacting metal complex includes a palladium (II) trifluoroacetate or palladium (II) acetate.